Figure 3

Actual births and hypothetical births. The left panel shows births to all pregnant mothers. The upper right shows births to multiparous mothers, while the lower right shows births to older mothers (≧35 years). The curves of actual births are coloured in black and that of hypothetical births in brown. In each panel, the areas between the two curves could be interpreted as additional births attributed to (1) S1 (pink): the selective two-child policy; and (2) S1 + S2 (pink and purple): the monolithic policy change.