Table 4 Factors influencing the birth-related obstetrical characteristics.

From: Birth and birth-related obstetrical characteristics in southwestern China associated with the current adjustment of family planning policy: a 7-year retrospective study

 

Periodsa

Parityb

Age (years)c

Selective two-child policy

Universal two-child policy

a. Maternal

CS

0.68 (0.65–0.72)

0.73 (0.70–0.76)

1.59 (1.53–1.66)

2.36 (2.22–2.52)

PE

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

0.91 (0.81–1.01)

0.91 (0.82–1.02)

1.97 (1.75–2.22)

ICP

0.81 (0.70–0.94)

0.86 (0.75–0.98)

0.90 (0.79–1.03)

1.26 (1.06–1.49)

GDM

0.73 (0.69–0.78)

0.95 (0.90–1.00)

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

2.33 (2.19–2.46)

PP

0.82 (0.74–0.91)

0.66 (0.60–0.73)

2.35 (2.15–2.58)

1.66 (1.50–1.85)

PA

1.02 (0.74–1.40)

1.52 (1.15–1.99)

0.92 (0.71–1.20)

1.31 (0.95–1.80)

PTB

0.78 (0.69–0.88)

0.54 (0.48–0.61)

1.42 (1.27–1.59)

1.07 (0.92–1.24)

PROM

1.22 (1.15–1.29)

1.31 (1.25–1.38)

0.51 (0.48–0.54)

0.89 (0.83–0.96)

Chorioamnionitis

1.57 (0.98–2.51)

5.50 (3.72–8.13)

0.61 (0.46–0.82)

0.89 (0.60–1.33)

PPH

1.21 (0.94–1.56)

0.67 (0.51–0.87)

1.15 (0.90–1.47)

0.98 (0.70–1.37)

ICU

0.57 (0.43–0.75)

0.45 (0.35–0.59)

2.66 (2.08–4.40)

1.64 (1.24–2.15)

Death

NA

NA

NA

NA

b. Neonatal

Sexd

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

Stillbirth

1.07 (0.80–1.45)

0.65 (0.48–0.89)

1.50 (1.14–1.97)

0.99 (0.69–1.43)

Deformations

0.62 (0.36–1.07)

1.30 (0.85–1.99)

1.25 (0.83–1.88)

1.07 (0.63–1.82)

CA

1.22 (0.41–3.62)

2.12 (0.84–5.40)

0.38 (0.15–0.97)

4.03 (1.70–9.52)

FGR

1.21 (1.02–1.43)

1.52 (1.31–1.77)

0.90 (0.78–1.04)

1.14 (0.95–1.36)

Macrosomia

1.02 (0.92–1.13)

0.81 (0.73–0.89)

1.21 (1.10–1.33)

1.11 (0.98–1.25)

LBW

0.85 (0.78–0.93)

0.66 (0.60–0.72)

1.25 (1.15–1.36)

1.11 (0.99–1.24)

Asphyxia

1.31 (0.68–2.51)

2.08 (1.17–3.68)

0.83 (0.57–1.56)

0.86 (0.43–1.74)

NICU

0.64 (0.43–0.96)

0.52 (0.35–0.77)

0.86 (0.57–1.30)

1.23 (0.74–2.05)

  1. Data are shown in OR (95% CI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the impact of policy, age or parity on maternal and neonatal outcomes when controlling for the other two factors.
  2. NA, not applicable due to its rareness (the mortality in some groups are 0).
  3. CS caesarean section, PE preeclampsia, a kind of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, ICP intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PP placenta previa, PA placental abruption, PTB preterm birth, PROM prelabour rupture of the membranes, PPH postpartum haemorrhage, CA chromosome abnormality, FGR foetal growth restriction, LBW low birth weight, ICU intensive care unit, NICU neonatal intensive care unit.
  4. aRefer to one-child policy.
  5. bRefer to nullipara.
  6. cRefer to < 35 years of gestational age.
  7. dCalculated by the percentage of boys.
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