Table 3 Estimated effects of air pollution on measured variables.

From: Personal exposure to fine particulate air pollutants impacts blood pressure and heart rate variability

Outcome variables

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Coefficient (95% CI)

P-value

Coefficient (95% CI)

P-value

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Average

0.17 (− 0.04 to 0.37)

0.106

0.22 (− 0.04 to 0.48)

0.098

Day

0.11 (− 0.07 to 0.30)

0.223

0.19 (− 0.06 to 0.43)

0.144

Night

0.29 (0.01 to 0.57)

0.039

0.30 (− 0.08 to 0.69)

0.124

Dipper

− 0.16 (− 0.31 to − 0.01)

0.034

− 0.11 (− 0.37 to 0.15)

0.411

SD day

− 0.03 (− 0.08 to 0.03)

0.334

0.03 (− 0.06 to 0.11)

0.548

SD night

− 0.03 (− 0.08 to 0.02)

0.238

0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.11)

0.654

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

Average

0.01 (− 0.16 to 0.19)

0.880

0.06 (− 0.15 to 0.27)

0.560

Day

0.07 (− 0.11 to 0.24)

0.445

0.10 (− 0.08 to 0.28)

0.293

Night

− 0.09 (− 0.30 to 0.13)

0.436

0.01 (− 0.34 to 0.35)

0.976

Dipper

0.20 (0 to 0.40)

0.049

0.10 (− 0.25 to 0.46)

0.568

SD day

− 0.09 (− 0.14 to − 0.03)

0.002

− 0.03 (− 0.10 to 0.05)

0.486

SD night

0.06 (0 to 0.11)

0.036

0.08 (0.00 to 0.17)

0.052

Heart rate (bpm)

Min

0.21 (− 0.09 to 0.52)

0.170

0.14 (− 0.30 to 0.58)

0.545

Max

0.41 (− 0.01 to 0.84)

0.056

0.09 (− 0.47 to 0.64)

0.761

Average

− 0.06 (− 0.50 to 0.37)

0.778

− 0.21 (− 0.81 to 0.40)

0.509

Premature beat

SVPB (%)

0.07 (− 0.67 to 0.80)

0.861

0.23(− 0.45 to 0.92)

0.506

VPB (%)

− 0.01 (− 0.15 to 0.12)

0.851

− 0.01 (− 0.16 to 0.13)

0.866

Heart rate variability

SDNN total (ms)

− 1.56 (− 2.67 to − 0.45)

0.006

− 1.94 (− 3.59 to − 0.29)

0.021

rMSSD total (ms)

− 0.45 (− 0.78 to − 0.13)

0.006

− 0.66 (− 1.19 to − 0.13)

0.015

SDSD total (ms)

− 0.36 (− 0.60 to − 0.13)

0.003

− 0.53 (− 0.90 to − 0.15)

0.006

HRV index (ms)

− 0.33 (− 0.59 to − 0.07)

0.014

− 0.32 (− 0.61 to − 0.03)

0.028

TINN (ms)

− 6.20 (− 11.74 to − 0.66)

0.028

− 8.98 (− 17.46 to − 0.49)

0.038

pNN50 total (%)

− 0.31 (− 0.51 to − 0.11)

0.003

− 0.46 (− 0.81 to − 0.11)

0.009

  1. Estimated effects and 95% confident intervals (CI) for each change of PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3.
  2. Unadjusted and adjusted coefficients for sex, age, temperature and humidity.
  3. BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, HRV heart rate variability, pNN50 proportion of the number of pairs of successive normal-to-normal that differ by more than 50 ms, rMSSD root mean square of successive differences, SD standard deviation, SDNN standard deviation of normal-to normal interval, SDSD standard deviation of successive differences, SVPB supraventricular premature beat, TINN triangular interpolation of normal-to-normal interval histogram, VPB ventricular premature beat.
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