Figure 2
From: Distinct phenolic, alkaloid and antioxidant profile in betel quids from four regions of Indonesia
Principal component analysis (PCA) of betel quid phenolics and arecoline content among betel quid samples from 4 key regions of Indonesia. PC 1 explained 24.11% of total variance, while PC 2 explained 18.34% of total variance. BA = Banda Aceh, NS = North Sumatra, WK = West Kalimantan, WP = West Papua. AN = Areca Nut, SI = stem inflorescence BQ Mix = Areca nut + betel leaf/betel stem inflorescence. The samples on the positive aspect of PC 1 are mainly nuts and BQ mix samples with relatively high concentrations of catechin, epicatechin and arecoline. In this group, catechin and epicatechin have significantly positive correlation with arecoline. While samples on the negative aspect of PC 1 were similar for their low catechin, epicatechin and arecoline concentrations, but different in their concentration of other polyphenols. NS-leaf and NS-husk samples were well separated from others due to the abundant of phenolic acids. In this group, only p-hydroxybenzoic acid has significantly negative correlation with arecoline. While BA-leaf was distant from most samples due to its relatively high concentrations of flavonols.
