Table 1 Total phenolics content and antioxidant activities in AN, betel leaf/ betel stem inflorescence, BQ mixture and husk.

From: Distinct phenolic, alkaloid and antioxidant profile in betel quids from four regions of Indonesia

Samples

TPC mg GAE g-1 DM

FRAP mM Fe2 + eq./g sample DM

DPPH mg TE/g sample DM

BA-AN

122.27 ± 8.09c

62.59 ± 8.41c

277.43 ± 9.69c

NS-AN

111.72 ± 10.5cd

60.78 ± 3.83c

280.06 ± 2.21c

WK-AN

108.84 ± 8.81d

56.61 ± 7.34c

267.91 ± 19.26c

WP-AN

216.71 ± 18.06a

107.77 ± 7.33a

422.53 ± 1.11a

BA-Leaf

26.710 ± 1.94f.

18.24 ± 1.62ef

55.08 ± 5.13fg

NS-Leaf

19.91 ± 2.4f.

15.39 ± 1.5ef

42.67 ± 6.49g

WK-Leaf

63.93 ± 4.78e

31.99 ± 3.79d

111.28 ± 13.41d

WP-SI

59.00 ± 3.79e

21.61 ± 3.28e

71.73 ± 13.64e

BA-BQ mix

6.70 ± 0.69g

4.91 ± 0.43h

16.45 ± 3.19hi

NS-BQ mix

10.57 ± 3.36g

6.01 ± 1.18g

26.86 ± 8.72h

WK-BQ mix

27.69 ± 3.84f.

12.78 ± 1.78fg

62.52 ± 8.51ef

WP-BQ mix

155.09 ± 11.13b

94.60 ± 8.14b

303.34 ± 0.72b

BA-Husk

3.13 ± 0.26g

1.66 ± 0.06h

3.63 ± 0.64i

NS-Husk

5.14 ± 0.54g

2.76 ± 0.15h

9.62 ± 0.82i

WK-Husk

3.05 ± 0.24g

1.61 ± 0.03h

4.69 ± 0.48i

WP-Husk

5.36 ± 0.20g

2.45 ± 0.21h

8.29 ± 0.96i

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments (n = 3) with confident interval significantly (P < 0.05). Mean values in the same column followed by the same letter do not differ significantly. An a letter besides mean values refer to the highest value, and its value decreases following the descending letter in the same column.
  2. BA = Banda Aceh, NS = North Sumatra, WK = West Kalimantan, WP = West Papua, AN = Areca Nut, SI = stem inflorescence BQ Mix = Areca nut + betel leaf/betel stem inflorescence stem + slaked lime, TPC = total phenolic content, FRAP = ferric reducing antioxidant power, DPPH = 1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl.
  3. The bold value is significantly higher compared to another mean in the same column.
  4. The unbold value is significantly lower mean values in the same column.
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