Table 1 Characteristics of patients with a history of appendicitis and controls.
From: An observational study of innate immune responses in patients with acute appendicitis
HAPPIEST cohort (n = 325) | HAPPIEST Patient sample (n = 23) | Healthy Controls (n = 23) | p-value1 | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Demographics | |||||
Gender | 0.767 | 0.546 | |||
Female | 153 (47.1) | 11 (47.8) | 10 (43.5) | ||
Male | 172 (52.9) | 12 (52.2) | 13 (56.5) | ||
Age, mean ± SD (Range) | 32.5 ± 18.1 (5–81) | 32.2 ± 6.2 (20–41) | 32.6 ± 6.4 (18–43) | 0.814 | 0.411 |
Marital state | 1.000 | 0.909 | |||
Single | 26 (8.4) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Living with partner, family or in community | 284 (91.6) | 20 (90.9) | 20 (90.9) | ||
Missing | 15 | 1 | 1 | ||
Living area | 0.531 | 0.373 | |||
Rural | 129 (41.5) | 7 (31.8) | 9 (40.9) | ||
Urban | 182 (58.5) | 15 (68.2) | 13 (59.1) | ||
Missing | 14 | 2 | 2 | ||
Acute appendicitis, IBD | |||||
Family history of acute appendicitis | 0.082 | 0.521 | |||
Yes | 168 (57.3) | 10 (50.0) | 5 (23.8) | ||
No | 125 (42.7) | 10 (50.0) | 16 (76.2) | ||
Missing | 32 | 3 | 2 | ||
Family history of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.859 | 0.472 | |||
Yes | 11 (4,4) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (7.1) | ||
No | 237 (95,6) | 10 (90.9) | 13 (92.9) | ||
Don’t know | 44 | 0 | 0 | ||
Missing | 33 | 12 | 9 | ||
Complicated (ICD-9) | 0.910 | ||||
Yes | 96 (29.5) | 7 (30.4) | n.a. | ||
No | 229 (70.5) | 16 (69.6) | n.a. | ||
Gangrenous (pathology) | |||||
Yes | 103 (31.7) | 7 (30.4) | n.a. | 0.845 | |
No | 222 (68.3) | 16 (69.6) | n.a. | ||
Time between first symptoms and presentation (hours) | |||||
Complicated (ICD-9) | 0.091 | ||||
Less than 24 | 11 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | n.a. | ||
24–48 | 29 (31.5) | 5 (71.4) | n.a. | ||
More than 48 | 52 (56.5) | 2 (28.6) | n.a. | ||
Missing | 4 | 0 | |||
Uncomplicated (ICD-9) | 0.752 | ||||
Less than 24 | 61 (27.5) | 5 (31.3) | n.a. | ||
24–48 | 85 (38.3) | 7 (43.8) | n.a. | ||
More than 48 | 76 (34.2) | 4 (25.0) | n.a. | ||
Missing | 7 | 0 | |||
Gangrenous (pathology) | 0.030 | ||||
Less than 24 | 20 (20.0) | 1 (14.3) | n.a. | ||
24–48 | 37 (37.0) | 6 (85.7) | n.a. | ||
More than 48 | 43 (43.0) | 0 (0.0) | n.a. | ||
Missing | 3 | 0 | |||
Non-Gangrenous (pathology) | 0.985 | ||||
Less than 24 | 52 (24.3) | 4 (25.0) | n.a. | ||
24–48 | 77 (36.0) | 6 (37.5) | n.a. | ||
More than 48 | 85 (39.7) | 6 (37.5) | n.a. | ||
Missing | 8 | 0 | |||
Exposures | |||||
Living area in youth | 0.894 | 0.470 | |||
Rural | 159 (51.3) | 10 (43.5) | 10 (45.5) | ||
Urban | 151 (48.7) | 13 (56.5) | 12 (54.5) | ||
Missing | 15 | 0 | 1 | ||
Contact with farm animals during youth | 0.286 | 0.340 | |||
Seldom or never | 181 (58.0) | 11 (47.8) | 14 (63.6) | ||
Daily to monthly | 131 (42.0) | 12 (52.2) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Missing | 13 | 0 | 1 | ||
Living with pets | 0.746 | 0.883 | |||
Yes | 178 (56.7) | 11 (55.0) | 11 (50.0) | ||
No | 136 (43.3) | 9 (45.0) | 11 (50.0) | ||
Missing | 11 | 3 | 1 | ||
Breastfeeding | 0.102 | 0.537 | |||
No | 87 (33.2) | 5 (26.3) | 9 (52.9) | ||
Yes | 175 (66.8) | 14 (73.7) | 8 (47.1) | ||
Don't know | 45 | 4 | 5 | ||
Missing | 18 | 0 | 1 | ||
Duration | 0.368 | 0.212 | |||
Less than 3 months | 47 (39.8) | 2 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
3–6 months | 38 (32.2) | 5 (62.5) | 4 (100.0) | ||
More than 6 months | 33 (28.0) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Don't know | 57 | 6 | 4 | ||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Vegan/vegetarian | 1.000 | 0.495 | |||
Yes | 7 (2.2) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (4.5) | ||
No | 305 (97.8) | 21 (95.5) | 21 (95.5) | ||
Missing | 13 | 1 | 1 | ||
Meat consumption | 0.379 | 0.567 | |||
Daily | 235 (79.1) | 15 (75.0) | 18 (90.0) | ||
Weekly | 57 (19.2) | 4 (20.0) | 2 (10.0) | ||
Monthly | 5 (1.7) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Missing | 21 | 1 | 1 | ||
Fruit consumption | 0.269 | 0.987 | |||
Daily | 130 (41.8) | 9 (40.9) | 13 (61.9) | ||
Weekly | 132 (42.4) | 10 (45.5) | 8 (38.1) | ||
Monthly | 30 (9.6) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Never | 19 (6.1) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Don't know | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Missing | 13 | 1 | 1 | ||
Vegetable consumption | 0.550 | 0.771 | |||
Daily | 259 (82.7) | 20 (90.9) | 21 (95.5) | ||
Weekly | 48 (15.3) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (4.5) | ||
Monthly | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Never | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Missing | 12 | 1 | 1 | ||
Fiber-rich vegetable consumption | 0.167 | 0.283 | |||
Daily | 34 (11.2) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Weekly | 207 (68.1) | 13 (59.1) | 18 (81.8) | ||
Monthly | 51 (16.8) | 7 (31.8) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Never | 12 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Don't know | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
Missing | 14 | 1 | 1 | ||
Sugar containing drink consumption | 0.190 | ||||
Daily | – | 12 (57.1) | 15 (68.2) | ||
Weekly | – | 4 (19.0) | 5 (22.7) | ||
Monthly | – | 4 (19.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Never | – | 1 (4.8) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Don't know | – | 1 | 0 | ||
Missing | – | 1 | 1 | ||
Antibiotic use | 0.101 | 0.281 | |||
More than once per month | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Monthly | 15 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Seldom | 250 (80.4) | 15 (71.4) | 20 (90.9) | ||
Never | 45 (14.5) | 6 (28.6) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Missing | 14 | 2 | 1 | ||
Probiotic use | 0.239 | 0.649 | |||
Daily | 63 (20.2) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (22.7) | ||
Weekly | 64 (20.5) | 4 (19.0) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Monthly | 26 (8.3) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (22.7) | ||
Seldom | 88 (28.2) | 7 (33.3) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Never | 71 (22.8) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Missing | 13 | 2 | 1 | ||
Smoke status | 0.282 | 0.217 | |||
Current smoker | 56 (22.0) | 2 (9.1) | 6 (27.3) | ||
Past smoker | 61 (23.9) | 9 (40.9) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Non-smoker | 132 (51.8) | 11 (50.0) | 8 (36.4) | ||
Passive | 6 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Missing | 70 | 1 | 1 | ||
