Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Predicting toxins found in toxin–antitoxin systems with a role in host-induced Burkholderia pseudomallei persistence

Figure 4

Invasion, survival, and persistence in macrophages. Macrophages were derived by incubating the U937 pleural monocytic cell line with PMA for 48 h. (A) Invasion, (B) survival, and persistence were assayed after 30 min of uptake followed by a 24 h incubation with or without 20 × MIC of levofloxacin. (C) To further investigate the role of macrophages on survival, U937 derived macrophages were polarized to a M1 phenotype using IFNγ for 16 h prior to infection and incubated for 24 h. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the difference within a treatment group. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001.

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