Table 1 a: Patient characteristics, perioperative details and postoperative outcomes measured, b. Perioperative administration of fluids, blood products and inotropic and vasopressor medications.
Factor of interest | N (%) | Mean ± SD or median [IQR] |
|---|---|---|
(a) | ||
Gender (M: F) | 47:39 | |
Age | 63.0 ± 15.8 | |
Cardiac risk factors (Lee Revised Cardiac Index) | ||
0 factors | 26 | |
1 factors | 22 | |
2 factors | 18 | |
3 factors | 16 | |
4 factors | 4 | |
Severity of pre-existing respiratory symptoms: | ||
No symptoms | 53 | |
Dyspnoea on exertion | 23 | |
Dyspnea at rest | 10 | |
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Score | ||
ASA 1 | 4 | |
ASA 2 | 22 | |
ASA 3 | 42 | |
ASA 4 | 16 | |
ASA 5 | 2 | |
Initial SAP (mmHg) | 118 ± 29 | |
Initial DAP (mmHg) | 58 ± 17 | |
Initial MAP (mmHg) | 80 ± 19 | |
Initial HR (beats per minute) | 93 ± 18 | |
Intraoperative SAP (mmHg) | 109 ± 14 | |
Intraoperative DAP (mmHg) | 57 ± 7 | |
Intraoperative MAP (mmHg) | 75 ± 8 | |
Intraoperative HR (beats per min) | 86 ± 16 | |
Lowest intraoperative SAP (mmHg) | 72 ± 12 | |
Lowest intraoperative MAP (mmHg) | 51 ± 9 | |
Total intraoperative urine output (mls) | 497 ± 445 | |
Postoperative Transfusion | 17 [20%] | |
Central venous access | 69 (80%) | |
Arterial line | 81 (94%) | |
Emergency category | ||
Emergency | 38 | |
Urgent | 48 | |
Complexity of surgery | ||
Major operation | 37 | |
Complex major operation | 49 | |
Number of surgeries during admission | ||
1 | 41 | |
2 | 42 | |
3 | 3 | |
Peritoneal soiling | ||
Grade 1 | 43 | |
Grade 2 | 12 | |
Grade 3 | 10 | |
Grade 4 | 21 | |
Indication for surgery: | ||
Intestinal obstruction | 27 | |
Enteric perforation | 39 | |
Gut ischaemia | 14 | |
Incarcerated hernia | 4 | |
Blunt trauma | 2 | |
Surgical procedure performed | ||
Washout without resection | 12 | |
Total colectomy | 7 | |
Small bowel resection | 22 | |
Hartmann’s procedure | 14 | |
Delayed closure | 2 | |
Other procedures | 29 | |
Final Surgical pathology | ||
Diverticular disease | 8 | |
Malignancy | 10 | |
Mesenteric ischaemia | 18 | |
Peptic ulcer disease | 9 | |
Adhesional obstruction | 15 | |
Incarcerated hernia | 5 | |
Toxic megacolon | 1 | |
NSAID induced colitis | 1 | |
Anastomotic leak | 2 | |
Other enteric perforation | 4 | |
Angiodysplasia | 1 | |
Intestinal obstruction | 9 | |
Colocutaneous fistula | 1 | |
Negative laparotomy | 1 | |
Latrogenic perforation during endoscopic procedure | 1 | |
Stage of cancer if applicable | ||
Distant metastasis | 4 | |
Nodal metastasis | 3 | |
Primary tumour no spread | 2 | |
No malignancy/not applicable | 77 | |
CT performed preoperatively | 76 | |
CT reported preoperatively | 60 | |
Time to theatre (h) | 2.5 [2.0–4.0] | |
Postoperative destination | ||
ITU | 25 | |
HDU | 43 | |
Surgical ward | 18 | |
Unplanned return to theatre | 9 [11%] | |
Unplanned critical care admission | 20 [23%] | |
Critical care length of stay | 4 [2–10.5] | |
30 day mortality | 10 [12%] | |
90 day mortality | 14 [16%] | |
Renal Replacement Therapy postoperatively | 4 [5%] | |
Duration of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) (days) | 2.8 (6.8) | |
Medicine for the Elderly review postoperatively | 15 [17%] | |
CCI score | 27 [9–45] | |
Overall length of stay | 14 [8–31] | |
Time of the day/week during which surgery was performed: | ||
Daytime (0800–2000) | 48 | |
Night-time (2000–0800) | 26 | |
Weekend/public holiday daytime | 12 | |
Product | No of patients receiving product n | Mean total volume administered (mls) ± SD |
|---|---|---|
(b) | ||
Crystalloid | 86 | 2041 ± 1317 mls |
Colloid | 14 | Mean 110 + 330 |
RCC | 23 | 190 ± 270 |
Fibrinogen | 7 | 135 ± 45 |
Platelets | 7 | 371 ± 183 |
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) | 10 | 760 ± 260 |
Noradrenaline | 54 | 1.01 ± 0.90 |
Adrenaline | 11 | 0.22 ± 0.17 |
Phenylephrine | 32 | 310.9 ± 212 |
Metaraminol | 39 | 2.3 ± 1.5 |
Ephedrine | 7 | 8.6 ± 2.8 |
