Table 5 Summary table showing comparative results regarding the latitudinal gradient hypothesis of the study, depending on species.

From: A trophic latitudinal gradient revealed in anchovy and sardine from the Western Mediterranean Sea using a multi-proxy approach

 

Method

GCC

SIA

DNA-M

Variable (metrics)

Species

E.enc

S.pil

E.enc

S.pil

E.enc

S.pil

Diet characterization

SFD

S > N

S > N

%ABD

 

copepods

N > S

N > S

krill

S > N

S > N

others

NLD

NLD

%BIO

 

copepods

NLD

N > S

krill

NLD

S > N

fish eggs/larvae

NLD

N > S

 

other prey

NLD

N > S

%FO

 

copepods

NLD

N > S

NLD

NLD

krill

NLD

S > N

NLD

NLD

fish eggs/larvae

NLD

NLD

NLD

N > S

cnidarians

N > S

NLD

other prey

NLD

NLD

NLD

NLD

S (values)

Prey diversity/niche width

[total]

S > N

S > N

S > N

S > N

 

copepods

S > N

S > N

S > N

S > N

krill

S > N

S > N

S > N

S > N

fish eggs/larvae

S > N

S > N

S > N

NLD

other prey

S > N

S > N

S > N

S > N

diatoms

NLD

NLD

S (rarefaction curves)*

DNA > GCC

DNA > GCC

H and SEAB area

NLD

NLD

N > S

NLD

Diet similarity

\({\beta }_{w}\)

N < S

N < S

Niche overlap

O and SEAB overlap

NLD

S > N

NLD

  1. (E.enc: Engraulis encrasicolus; S.pil: Sardina pilchardus), methods (GCC: gut content characterization; DNA-M: DNA metabarcoding; SIA: stable isotope analysis) and metrics (SFD: stomach filling degree; %ABD: percentage of prey number; %BIO: percentage of prey biomass; %FO: percentage of prey occurrence; S: prey richness; H: Shannon diversity index; \({\beta }_{w}\): beta-diversity; O: Pianka overlap index; SEAC & SEAB: corrected and bayesian standard ellipses areas, respectively). “Copepods” refers to Calanoids, Cyclopoids and Harpacticoids; “Krill” refers to “Euphausiacea ord.”, “Decapoda ord.” and “Other Malacostraca”; “Fish egg/larvae” refers to “Actinopterygii cl.”; remaining groups are presented as “Other prey”. “NLD” means no latitudinal difference (i.e. < 30% difference). Paired comparisons are made between the northernmost (GSA07, referred as N) vs. the southernmost (GSA06-South, referred as S) areas.
  2. “*” indicates comparison between methods.
  3. “ > ” and “ < ” indicate in which area the magnitude of the comparison is higher.