Table 7 Summary of vaginal infection studies in women (including this study).
Population description | Study group (n) | Country | Methodology | Microorganism species detected (%) | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. vaginae | Gardnerella spp. | M. mulieris | E. coli | E. faecalis | C. albicans | ||||||
Bacterial vaginosis | |||||||||||
1 | Women in reproductive age (age range 18–56) | 414 | Ecuador | Microscopic examination, Nugent criteria, PCR | 60.9 | 78.3 | 17.4 | 13.0 | 4.3 | 4.3 | This study |
2 | Pregnant teenage (age range 10–19) | 95 | Ecuador | PCR | 100.0 | 93.7 | 35.7 | Na | Na | Na | |
3 | Women (age 15–54) | 223 | Brazil | Multiplex PCR | 9.3 | 45.7 | 3.7 | Na | Na | Na | |
4 | Premenopausal women (age 18–48) | 196 | USA | Microscopic examination and PCR | Na | 53.0 | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
5 | Women (age range 14–37) | 50 | USA | Clinical examination and PCR | 54.0 | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
6 | Pregnant women (age 19–41) | 206 | Portugal | PCR | Na | 67.4 | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
7 | Women (age 22–53) | 116 | Lithuania | Clinical and microscopic examination, PCR | 89.7 | 100.0 | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
8 | Women (age 16–45) | 538 | Bulgaria | Multiplex PCR | 68.1 | 98.4 | 17.0 | Na | Na | Na | |
9 | Postmenopausal women (mean 55.6 ± 2.6 years) | 52 | China | 16S rRNA PCR | 65.5 | 82.8 | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
10 | Premenopausal women (age 18–48) | 196 | China | Microscopic examination and PCR-DGGE | 17.1 | 63.2 | Na | Na | Na | Na | |
Aerobic vaginitis | |||||||||||
1 | Women in reproductive age (age range 18–56) | 414 | Ecuador | Microscopic examination, Nugent criteria, PCR | 40.8 | 42.9 | 8.2 | 24.5 | 2.0 | 0.0 | This study |
11 | Women with gynecologic cancer (age Na) | 26 | USA | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | 28.0 | 44.0 | Na | |
12 | Pregnant women (age 15–40) | 326 | Japan | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | 100.0 | 13.0 | Na | 38.0 | 25.0 | |
13 | Women (age 18–45) | 100 | Bosnia | Clinical examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | 55.0 | 52.0 | 17.0 | |
14 | Women with a diagnosis of AV (mean age 33.5 ± 8.68 years) | 81 | Italy | Clinical examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | 86.7 | 40.0 | Na | |
15 | Cervical discharge specimens (age Na) | 6811 | México | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | 13.46 | Na | Na | |
16 | Symptomatic women (age range 18–57) | 1632 | Greece | Microscopic examination, culture and API 20 methods | Na | 40.4 | Na | 4.0 | 0.3 | 42.5 | |
17 | Women (age range 15–50) | 250 | Nigeria | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | 6.0 | Na | Na | |
18 | Non-pregnant women (age Na) | 80 | Iraq | Microscopic examination an biochemical test | Na | Na | Na | 16.2 | Na | Na | |
Candidiasis | |||||||||||
1 | Women in reproductive age (age range 18–56) | 414 | Ecuador | Microscopic examination, Nugent criteria, PCR | 85.7 | 71.4 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 28.6 | This study |
19 | Adolescents (age 13–17) | 213 | Ecuador | Microscopic examination | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 23.7 | |
20 | Adolescents (age 10–19) | 100 | Brazil | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 22.0 | |
21 | Women with candidiasis (age 14–51) | 150 | Colombia | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 80.0 | |
22 | Women with candidiasis (age range 15–94) | 951 | Italy | Culture | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 77.1 | |
23 | Women with diagnosis of candidiasis vulvovaginal (age Na) | 77 | Belgium | PCR | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 78.6 | |
24 | Pregnant women (age 18–30) | 1163 | Malaysia | Microscopic examination and culture | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 17.2 | |
25 | Women (age 21–29) | 100 | Nigeria | Culture | Na | Na | Na | Na | Na | 36.0 | |
26 | University students (age range 18–41) | 50 | Ghana | Culture | 28.0 | Na | Na | Na | Na | 22.0 | |
