Table 2 Associations between biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure.

From: Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk

 

Men (n = 11,592)

Women\(^{\text {b}}\) (n = 14,026)

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

gVLMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0\(^{\text {a}}\)

− 1.6 (− 2.4; − 0.8)

− 1.0 (− 1.5; − 0.4)

− 1.8 (− 2.5; − 1.0)

− 1.1 (− 1.6; − 0.6)

Model 1

− 1.8 (− 2.6; − 1.0)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.7)

− 2.2 (− 3.0; − 1.5)

− 1.4 (− 1.9; − 0.9)

Model 2

− 1.8 (− 2.7; − 1.0)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.6)

− 2.3 (− 3.0; − 1.5)

− 1.4 (− 1.9; − 0.9)

Model 3

− 2.0 (− 2.8; − 1.2)

− 1.3 (− 1.8; − 0.7)

− 2.6 (− 3.3; − 1.8)

− 1.6 (− 2.0; − 1.1)

Model 4

− 1.8 (− 2.6; − 1.0)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.7)

− 2.3 (− 3.0; − 1.5)

− 1.4 (− 1.9; − 0.9)

Model 5

− 1.9 (− 2.7; − 1.1)

− 1.3 (− 1.8; − 0.7)

− 2.5 (− 3.3; − 1.8)

− 1.6 (− 2.0; − 1.1)

SREMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0

− 1.8 (− 2.6; − 0.9)

− 0.7 (− 1.3; − 0.2)

− 1.3 (− 2.1; − 0.5)

− 0.3 (− 0.8; 0.2)

Model 1

− 2.0 (− 2.8; − 1.2)

− 0.9 (− 1.4; − 0.4)

− 1.9 (− 2.7; − 1.1)

− 0.8 (− 1.2; − 0.3)

Model 2

− 2.1 (− 2.9; − 1.2)

− 0.9 (− 1.4; − 0.4)

− 2.0 (− 2.7; − 1.2)

− 0.8 (− 1.3; − 0.3)

Model 3

− 2.5 (− 3.3; − 1.6)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.6)

− 2.9 (− 3.7; − 2.1)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.7)

Model 4

− 2.0 (− 2.8; − 1.2)

− 0.9 (− 1.4; − 0.4)

− 1.9 (− 2.7; − 1.1)

− 0.8 (− 1.3; − 0.3)

Model 5

− 2.4 (− 3.3; − 1.5)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.6)

− 2.8 (− 3.6; − 2.0)

− 1.2 (− 1.7; − 0.6)

  1. Results shown are estimated differences (95% CI) between low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) biomarker concentrations, using multi-variable linear regression different statistical models.
  2. \(^{\text {a}}\)Model 0: adjusted for age; model 1: additionally adjusted for BMI; model 2: additionally adjusted for smoking status, physical activity and social class; model 3: additionally adjusted plasma vitamin C as marker of fruit and vegetable intake, tea and coffee intake; model 4: model 2, additionally adjusted for baseline health (self-reported diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident), family history of myocardial infarction, use of anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs; model 5: model 3, additionally adjusted for baseline health (self-reported diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident), family history of myocardial infarction, use of anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs.
  3. \(^{\text {b}}\)Additionally adjusted for menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy.
  4. \(^{\text {c}}\)Biomarker concentrations were adjusted by specific gravity.
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