Table 3 Associations between biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake and CVD risk markers.

From: Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk

 

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

HDL (mmol/L)

LDL (mmol/L)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

CRP (mg/L)

 

Men (n = 11,592)

gVLMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0\(^{\text {a}}\)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.1 (− 0.5; 0.2)

Model 1

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.2)

Model 2

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.1)

Model 3

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.2 (− 0.6; 0.1)

Model 4

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.2)

Model 5

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

− 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.1)

SREMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.2 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.2 (− 0.2; 0.5)

Model 1

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.2 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.1 (− 0.2; 0.5)

Model 2

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.2 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.1 (− 0.3; 0.4)

Model 3

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.0; 0.2)

0.0 (− 0.4; 0.3)

Model 4

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.2 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.1 (− 0.3; 0.4)

Model 5

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.2; − 0.1)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.0 (− 0.3; 0.4)

 

Women\(^{\text {b}}\) (n = 14,026)

gVLMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.3 (0.0; 0.6)

Model 1

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

0.2 (− 0.1; 0.5)

Model 2

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

0.2 (− 0.1; 0.5)

Model 3

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

0.1 (− 0.2; 0.4)

Model 4

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

0.2 (− 0.1; 0.5)

Model 5

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.1)

0.1 (− 0.2; 0.4)

SREMB\(^{\text {c}}\)

Model 0

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.2 (0.1; 0.2)

0.4 (0.1; 0.7)

Model 1

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.3 (0.0; 0.6)

Model 2

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.3 (0.0; 0.6)

Model 3

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.1)

0.1 (− 0.3; 0.4)

Model 4

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.2)

0.3 (0.0; 0.6)

Model 5

0.0 (− 0.1; 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

− 0.1 (− 0.1; 0.0)

0.1 (0.1; 0.1)

0.1 (− 0.2; 0.4)

  1. Results shown are estimated differences (95% CI) between low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) biomarker concentrations, using multi-variable linear regression different statistical models.
  2. \(^{\text {a}}\)Model 0: adjusted for age; model 1: additionally adjusted for BMI; model 2: additionally adjusted for smoking status, physical activity and social class; model 3: additionally adjusted plasma vitamin C as marker of fruit and vegetable intake, tea and coffee intake; model 4: model 2, additionally adjusted for baseline health (self-reported diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident), family history of myocardial infarction, use of anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs; model 5: model 3, additionally adjusted for baseline health (self-reported diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident), family history of myocardial infarction, use of anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs.
  3. \(^{\text {b}}\)Additionally adjusted for menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy.
  4. \(^{\text {c}}\)Biomarker concentrations were adjusted by specific gravity.
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