Figure 1

Differences in plasma metabolites between children with tuberculosis and healthy controls. (A) A volcano plot depicts the log₂-fold change in metabolite abundance (x-axis) and the –log₁₀ p-value (y-axis) for each metabolite between children with tuberculosis (“Cases”) and healthy controls at baseline. Positive and negative fold-change differences are depicted on the right and left sides of the graph, respectively. (B) A Venn diagram depicts the number of significantly differentially abundant metabolites for each comparison, including differences between controls and children with tuberculosis (cases) pre-treatment (baseline), mid-treatment (Month 1), and post-treatment (Month 6). (C) A hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to assess overall metabolite abundance between cases and controls. Data were log₂-transformed and normalized by row Z-score. (D) A conditional decision tree was used to discriminate cases at the time of TB diagnosis from controls at study enrollment. The single best metabolite to differentiate cases and controls was N-acetylneuraminate. (E) Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrating the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of N-acetylneuraminate to discriminate participants by TB status.