Figure 4

(A,B) Adhesion force between the root and an AFM tip modified with either CS@OA (A) or CS@CH (B) NPs in water. (C,D) 2D gel pattern of the protein corona extracted from roots with CS@OA (C) and CS@CH NPs (D) in a pH gradient of 3–10 with silver staining. A,C corresponds to treated group 1 and B,D corresponds to treated group 2.