Table 2 Results of omnibus and subsequent pairwise one-way permutational MANOVAs on the first three PLS axes testing for differences in shape covariation between joints of trapezium and proximal joint of the Mc1 across taxa, between the side of the bones (right and left) and sex.

From: The implications of thumb movements for Neanderthal and modern human manipulation

 

2B-PLS between all the joints of the trapezium and the Mc1 proximal joint

PLS1

PLS2

PLS3

All taxa

< 0.0001

0.6409

0.0028

Recent modern humans/early modern humans

0.8895

–

1

Recent modern humans/Neanderthals

0.0006

–

0.0012

Neanderthals/early modern humans

0.1464

–

0.1179

Side of the bones

0.0708

0.5351

0.6055

Sex

0.1404

0.2288

0.8324

  1. Group multivariate variances were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and pairwise one-way permutational MANOVAs were only carried out when omnibus permutational MANOVA tests were significant. All values marked in bold where significant at p < 0.05, and are reported subsequent to a Bonferroni correction.
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