Figure 1
From: Synergistic effect of smoking on age-related hearing loss in patients with diabetes
Pure-tone audiograms of propensity score-matched individuals in the analysis of the current smokers and never-smoked subgroups. Among 12,570 enrolled patients, 2296 current smokers and 7414 never-smoked individuals were included in the subgroup analysis. Propensity score-matching (PSM) was performed for age, male sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, occupational noise exposure, and obesity as risk factors. In the propensity score-matched subjects, pure-tone thresholds were compared according to (a) the presence of diabetes (PSM pairs = 794), (b) current smoking status (PSM pairs = 950; denoted as c-Smoker in the figure), and (c) the combination of diabetes and current smoking status (PSM pairs = 230). c-Smoker, current smoker; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001; paired t-test. The error bar indicates standard deviation.
