Table 4 Results of Cox Model for FASD and Hospitalizations/Mortality with Attained Age as Underlying Timescale.

From: Hospitalizations and mortality among patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a prospective study

 

Hospitalization

All-Cause Mortality

HR

95% CI

p-value

HR

95% CI

p-value

Lower

 

Upper

Lower

 

Upper

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

None

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

1.25

1.05

1.49

0.0114

1.33

1.07

1.67

0.0118

Sex

Male

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Female

1.01

0.93

1.11

0.7905

0.60

0.52

0.68

 < .0001

Income

None

1.15

0.86

1.53

0.3392

1.57

1.15

2.12

0.0040

Low

1.01

0.86

1.19

0.8948

0.68

0.53

0.88

0.0033

Medium–low

1.08

0.93

1.26

0.3094

0.84

0.66

1.08

0.1722

Medium

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Medium–high

1.04

0.91

1.20

0.5428

0.73

0.58

0.92

0.0066

High

1.00

0.88

1.15

0.9822

0.72

0.58

0.88

0.0018

Medical Insurance

Medical Aid

    

    

Insurance (Regional)

1.12

1.02

1.22

0.0157

0.94

0.81

1.09

0.3999

Insurance (Corporate)

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Disability Type

None

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Mental

1.44

1.14

1.82

0.0020

1.93

1.53

2.42

 < .0001

Sensory

1.23

0.81

1.86

0.3322

1.15

0.80

1.65

0.4668

Intellectual

2.20

1.23

3.95

0.0081

3.77

1.85

7.69

0.0003

Other*

2.19

1.35

3.56

0.0016

2.63

1.84

3.75

 < .0001

Disability Severity

No Disability

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

Level 1–2

1.24

0.91

1.70

0.1797

1.81

1.39

2.36

 < .0001

Level 3–6

    

    

Charlson Comorbidity Index

None

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

One

1.42

1.19

1.68

 < .0001

0.69

0.50

0.94

0.0197

Two

1.84

1.53

2.20

 < .0001

0.84

0.63

1.13

0.2552

 ≥ Three

2.75

2.36

3.21

 < .0001

0.73

0.57

0.94

0.0145

Region

Metropolitan

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

City

1.58

1.40

1.78

 < .0001

1.01

0.85

1.21

0.9054

Other

2.41

2.17

2.68

 < .0001

1.02

0.87

1.18

0.8263

Year of Cohort Entry

2003

1.00

 

 

1.00

 

 

2004

1.57

1.33

1.84

 < .0001

1.23

0.95

1.59

0.1236

2005

2.52

2.05

3.11

 < .0001

1.43

1.04

1.97

0.0259

2006

2.94

2.23

3.86

 < .0001

1.62

1.12

2.35

0.0105

2007

5.97

4.55

7.82

 < .0001

1.53

1.05

2.21

0.0265

2008

7.77

5.95

10.16

 < .0001

2.11

1.53

2.92

 < .0001

2009

8.33

5.96

11.64

 < .0001

2.35

1.54

3.57

 < .0001

2010

16.72

12.09

23.12

 < .0001

2.62

1.71

4.03

 < .0001

2011

19.84

13.60

28.93

 < .0001

1.86

1.12

3.09

0.0171

2012

16.42

9.26

29.13

 < .0001

2.70

1.35

5.39

0.0050

2013

 

  

    
  1. *Kidney, musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, nervous system, developmental etc.