Table 4 Association between pyuria (Urine WBC ≥ 50/hpf) and clinical outcomes.

From: Pyuria, urinary tract infection and renal outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3–5

 

Group 0

Group 1

Group 2

No pyuria

1 pyuria episode

 > 1 pyuria episodes

ESRD

Unadjusted HR

1 (reference)

1.51 (1.21–1.90)*

2.57 (2.18–3.03)*

Adjusted HR

1 (reference)

0.95 (0.75–1.21)

1.90 (1.58–2.28)*

Rapid eGFR decline

Unadjusted OR

1 (reference)

1.12 (0.82–1.54)

1.92 (1.54–2.39)*

Adjusted OR

1 (reference)

1.02 (0.71–1.46)

1.49 (1.13–1.95)*

All-cause mortality

Unadjusted HR

1 (reference)

1.74 (1.27–2.37)*

3.01 (2.45–3.69)*

Adjusted HR

1 (reference)

1.35 (0.98–1.86)

1.63 (1.29–2.05)*

  1. a This model was adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, log-transformed UPCR, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, current smoker, mean blood pressure, ACE inhibitor/ARB, HbA1c, hemoglobin, albumin, BMI, log-transformed cholesterol, log-transformed CRP, and phosphorus.
  2. * p < 0.05 compared with reference group.
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