Figure 1

The pre- and post-stimulation effects of the 30 min 10 Hz TNS. (a) Representative CMG traces of pre- and post-stimulation of 30 min at 10 Hz. (b) bladder capacity, (c) voiding pressure, (d) inter-contraction interval, (e) voiding volume. The normalized data are presented as a mean with the standard error. The significance of the differences between the pre- and post-stimulation results were determined by the Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05).