Figure 3
The prolonged post-stimulation effects of the 30 min 10 Hz TNS. (a) Representative CMG traces of post-stimulation effects. By monitoring the CMG, it was confirmed that the average duration of the post-stimulation effects was 10.2 ± 1.06 h (range: 3.2 h to 24.6 h, n = 12). When the first prolonged post-stimulation effects diminished, a second TNS was performed using the same stimulation parameters. After the second TNS, the prolonged post-stimulation period lasted for 8.6 ± 1.24 h (range: 2.8 h to 22.5 h, n = 7). The (b) bladder capacity, (c) voiding pressure, (d) inter-contraction interval, and (e) voiding volume were monitored for the prolonged post-stimulation effect periods. The normalized data are presented as a mean with standard error. Significant differences of all data were demonstrated using ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant compared with the pre-stimulation period, and †P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant compared with the first post-stimulation period.
