Table 1 Material properties used for the lumbar spine test.

From: Development and validation of a timely and representative finite element human spine model for biomechanical simulations

Component

Material properties

Thickness

Vertebral bodies

E = 12 GPa; \(v\) = 0.350

–

Intervertebral discs

E = 42.7 MPa; \(v\) = 0.499 (Incompressible)49

–

Psoas major muscle

E = 0.52 MPa; \(v\) = 0.499 (Incompressible)51

2.73 mm48

Tendons

E = 1 GPa; \(v\) = 0.499 (Incompressible)52

–

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