Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the severity of hearing loss.
n | Normal | Ipsilateral HD | Non-severe HD | Severe HD | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
191,202 | 32,207 | 86,905 | 72,090 | ||
Age (years) | 65.91 ± 11.47 | 63.86 ± 10.95 | 68.04 ± 10.95 | 64.24 ± 11.85 | < .0001 |
≥ 65 (%) | 111,192 (58.15) | 16,310 (50.64) | 57,143 (65.75) | 37,739 (52.35) | < .0001 |
Sex, male (%) | 10,1093 (52.87) | 18,173 (56.43) | 44,858 (51.62) | 38,062 (52.8) | < .0001 |
Income, lowest 20% (%) | 38,977 (20.39) | 8277 (25.70) | 23,218 (26.72) | 24,286 (33.69) | < .0001 |
Diabetes (%) | 25,548 (13.36) | 4765 (14.79) | 13,335 (15.34) | 8919 (12.37) | < .0001 |
Hypertension (%) | 80,147 (41.92) | 13,248 (41.13) | 39,874 (45.88) | 27,600 (38.29) | < .0001 |
Dyslipidaemia (%) | 30,870 (16.15) | 5621 (17.45) | 14,624 (16.83) | 9696 (13.45) | < .0001 |
COPD (%) | 21,210 (11.09) | 4347 (13.50) | 13,406 (15.43) | 9628 (13.36) | < .0001 |
IHD (%) | 20,945 (10.95) | 3851 (11.96) | 11,450 (13.18) | 7390 (10.25) | < .0001 |
Stroke (%) | 9631 (5.04) | 1805 (5.6) | 6169 (7.10) | 4200 (5.83) | < .0001 |
CHF (%) | 4597 (2.40) | 790 (2.45) | 3045 (3.50) | 2030 (2.82) | < .0001 |
AF (%) | 3088 (1.62) | 546 (1.70) | 1787 (2.06) | 1173 (1.63) | < .0001 |
ESRD (%) | 71 (0.04) | 23 (0.07) | 86 (0.10) | 243 (0.34) | < .0001 |
Cancer (%) | 7240 (3.79) | 1363 (4.23) | 3665 (4.22) | 2432 (3.37) | < .0001 |
Outcome | |||||
Dementia (%) | 24,326 (12.72) | 4254 (13.21) | 16,275 (18.73) | 10,435 (14.47) | < .0001 |
AD (%) | 18,558 (9.71) | 3140 (9.75) | 12,288 (14.14) | 7904 (10.96) | < .0001 |
VD (%) | 2596 (1.36) | 499 (1.55) | 1781 (2.05) | 1145 (1.59) | < .0001 |
OD (%) | 3172 (1.66) | 615 (1.91) | 2206 (2.54) | 1386 (1.92) | < .0001 |
F/U duration (year) | 6.97 ± 2.1 | 7.04 ± 2.04 | 6.58 ± 2.35 | 6.79 ± 2.24 | < .0001 |
