Table 4 The ΔEH–L, chemical hardness (η), interaction energy and relaxation energy δ calculated for amphibactin–iron complex in + 2 and + 3 oxidation states, and amphibactin–Fe2+ with three and six hydrogen protonated complexes respectively at B3LYP/6-31 g(d,p)/LANL2DZ level.

From: Insights into the chemistry of the amphibactin–metal (M3+) interaction and its role in antibiotic resistance

S. no.

Complex

HOMO–LUMO gap ΔEH–L

Chemical hardness (η)

Interaction energy

Relaxation energy δ

1

Amphi–Fe3+

3.15

1.58

− 1514.38

216.65

2

Amphi–Fe2+

2.90

1.45

− 773.60

174.68

3

Amphi–Fe2+–3H

3.86

1.93

− 387.14

77.61

4

Amphi–Fe2+–6H

0.30

0.15

− 27.05

55.47