Table 1 Behavioural data (mean and SD) for task-related performance outcomes (mean radial error; RE, and bivariate variable error; BVE), and autocorrelation lag-1 (ACF1) calculation. Effect sizes characterising changes in performance (day 1 minus day 5; day 6 minus day 10; and day 1 minus day 10) are included. Improvements in performance are noted by negative effect sizes reflecting a decrease in error (mean RE and BVE) and global kinematic variability, and positive effect sizes reflecting an increase in trial-by-trial correction factor (ACF1) and angular velocity. Data for test sessions on day 1 and 5 is previously reported in Kraeutner et al.40).
From: Leveraging the effector independent nature of motor imagery when it is paired with physical practice
Test session | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 5 | d (1 vs. 5) | Day 6 | Day 10 | d (6 vs. 10) | d (1 vs. 10) | |
Mean radial error (cm) | |||||||
MIP-PP | 8.70 (3.89) | 8.93 (5.08) | 0.05 | 8.37(5.41) | 6.23(2.57) | − 0.51 | − 0.75 |
PP-MIP | 8.04 (4.05) | 5.96 (1.41) | − 0.69 | 5.75(1.27) | 6.68(1.74) | 0.61 | − 0.44 |
PP-PP | 9.64(2.91) | 6.42(1.36) | − 1.42 | 8.04(1.61) | 6.54(1.56) | − 1.18 | − 1.33 |
Bivariate variable error (cm) | |||||||
MIP-PP | 9.69 (4.72) | 8.58 (3.84) | − 0.26 | 8.30(3.33) | 6.55(2.82) | − 0.57 | − 0.81 |
PP-MIP | 9.19 (4.92) | 5.72 (1.24) | − 0.97 | 5.97(1.15) | 6.91(2.35) | 0.51 | − 0.59 |
PP-PP | 10.08 (3.98) | 6.55(1.40) | − 1.18 | 9.22 (2.94) | 6.77 (1.61) | − 1.04 | − 1.09 |
ACF1 | |||||||
MIP-PP | 0.19 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.10) | − 0.56 | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.41 | − 0.56 |
PP-MIP | 0.15 (0.13) | 0.14 (0.12) | − 0.07 | 0.14 (0.11) | 0.18 (0.10) | 0.39 | 0.28 |
PP-PP | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.16 | 0.22 (0.17) | 0.24 (0.15) | 0.14 | 0.58 |
Global kinematic variability | |||||||
MIP-PP | 4.43 (2.1) | 3.32 (1.3) | − 0.52 | 4.43 (3.0) | 3.19 (1.8) | − 0.58 | − 0.58 |
PP-MIP | 5.21 (2.3) | 2.77 (2.0) | − 1.36 | 3.23 (1.5) | 2.78 (1.2) | − 0.26 | − 1.36 |
PP-PP | 4.78 (1.5) | 3.53 (2.1) | − 0.59 | 5.08 (2.9) | 3.57 (1.8) | − 0.71 | − 0.57 |
Angular velocity | |||||||
MIP-PP | 334.5 (95.2) | 365.6 (115.4) | 0.30 | 370.7 (111.1) | 364.2 (93.7) | − 0.07 | 0.32 |
PP-MIP | 289.1 (95.7) | 350.9 (121.9) | 0.55 | 359.8 (103.8) | 360.3 (123.7) | 0.01 | 0.63 |
PP-PP | 328.9 (61.9) | 347.5 (113.6) | 0.21 | 334.2 (85.3) | 348.9 (81.8) | 0.18 | 0.28 |