Table 1 Behavioural data (mean and SD) for task-related performance outcomes (mean radial error; RE, and bivariate variable error; BVE), and autocorrelation lag-1 (ACF1) calculation. Effect sizes characterising changes in performance (day 1 minus day 5; day 6 minus day 10; and day 1 minus day 10) are included. Improvements in performance are noted by negative effect sizes reflecting a decrease in error (mean RE and BVE) and global kinematic variability, and positive effect sizes reflecting an increase in trial-by-trial correction factor (ACF1) and angular velocity. Data for test sessions on day 1 and 5 is previously reported in Kraeutner et al.40).

From: Leveraging the effector independent nature of motor imagery when it is paired with physical practice

 

Test session

Day 1

Day 5

d (1 vs. 5)

Day 6

Day 10

d (6 vs. 10)

d (1 vs. 10)

Mean radial error (cm)

MIP-PP

8.70 (3.89)

8.93 (5.08)

0.05

8.37(5.41)

6.23(2.57)

 − 0.51

 − 0.75

PP-MIP

8.04 (4.05)

5.96 (1.41)

 − 0.69

5.75(1.27)

6.68(1.74)

0.61

 − 0.44

PP-PP

9.64(2.91)

6.42(1.36)

 − 1.42

8.04(1.61)

6.54(1.56)

 − 1.18

 − 1.33

Bivariate variable error (cm)

MIP-PP

9.69 (4.72)

8.58 (3.84)

 − 0.26

8.30(3.33)

6.55(2.82)

 − 0.57

 − 0.81

PP-MIP

9.19 (4.92)

5.72 (1.24)

 − 0.97

5.97(1.15)

6.91(2.35)

0.51

 − 0.59

PP-PP

10.08 (3.98)

6.55(1.40)

 − 1.18

9.22 (2.94)

6.77 (1.61)

 − 1.04

 − 1.09

ACF1

MIP-PP

0.19 (0.07)

0.14 (0.10)

 − 0.56

0.10 (0.08)

0.14 (0.10)

0.41

 − 0.56

PP-MIP

0.15 (0.13)

0.14 (0.12)

 − 0.07

0.14 (0.11)

0.18 (0.10)

0.39

0.28

PP-PP

0.16 (0.12)

0.19 (0.17)

0.16

0.22 (0.17)

0.24 (0.15)

0.14

0.58

Global kinematic variability

MIP-PP

4.43 (2.1)

3.32 (1.3)

 − 0.52

4.43 (3.0)

3.19 (1.8)

 − 0.58

 − 0.58

PP-MIP

5.21 (2.3)

2.77 (2.0)

 − 1.36

3.23 (1.5)

2.78 (1.2)

 − 0.26

 − 1.36

PP-PP

4.78 (1.5)

3.53 (2.1)

 − 0.59

5.08 (2.9)

3.57 (1.8)

 − 0.71

 − 0.57

Angular velocity

MIP-PP

334.5 (95.2)

365.6 (115.4)

0.30

370.7 (111.1)

364.2 (93.7)

 − 0.07

0.32

PP-MIP

289.1 (95.7)

350.9 (121.9)

0.55

359.8 (103.8)

360.3 (123.7)

0.01

0.63

PP-PP

328.9 (61.9)

347.5 (113.6)

0.21

334.2 (85.3)

348.9 (81.8)

0.18

0.28