Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching.
From: The impact of aspirin on Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in diabetic patients
Unmatched cohort (n = 95,627) | PSM cohort (n = 63,500) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 95,627) n (%) | Aspirin users (n = 43,247) n (%) | Non-users (n = 52,380) n (%) | SMD* | Total (n = 63,500) n (%) | Aspirin users (n = 31,750) n (%) | Non-users (n = 31,750) n (%) | SMD* | |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 49,118 (51.36) | 22,505 (52.04) | 26,613 (50.81) | 0.02 | 32,157 (50.64) | 16,151 (50.87) | 16,006 (50.41) | 0.01 |
Female | 46,509 (48.64) | 20,742 (47.96) | 25,767 (49.19) | 0.02 | 31,343 (49.36) | 15,599 (49.13) | 15,744 (49.59) | 0.01 |
Age at diabetes diagnosis, years | 0.16 | 0.03 | ||||||
20–64 | 54,508 (57.00) | 22,796 (52.71) | 31,712 (60.54) | 36,201 (57.01) | 17836 (56.18) | 18,365 (57.84) | ||
≥ 65 | 41,119 (43.00) | 20,451 (47.29) | 20,668 (39.46) | 27,299 (42.99) | 13,914 (43.82) | 13,385 (42.16) | ||
Baseline comorbid condition | ||||||||
Liver cirrhosis | 538 (0.56) | 78 (0.18) | 460 (0.88) | 0.10 | 162 (0.26) | 75 (0.24) | 87 (0.27) | 0.01 |
Unspecified liver injury | 28 (0.03) | 6 (0.01) | 22 (0.04) | 0.02 | 12 (0.02) | 6 (0.02) | 6 (0.02) | 0.00 |
Hepatobiliary malignancy | 328 (0.34) | 46 (0.11) | 282 (0.54) | 0.08 | 75 (0.12) | 44 (0.14) | 31 (0.10) | 0.01 |
Gastric cancer | 419 (0.44) | 92 (0.21) | 327 (0.62) | 0.06 | 166 (0.26) | 86 (0.27) | 80 (0.25) | 0.00 |
Colon cancer | 1222 (1.28) | 370 (0.86) | 852 (1.63) | 0.07 | 641 (1.01) | 319 (1.00) | 322 (1.01) | 0.00 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 2588 (2.71) | 381 (0.88) | 2207 (4.21) | 0.21 | 738 (1.16) | 374 (1.18) | 364 (1.15) | 0.00 |
Metastatic cancers | 3132 (3.28) | 364 (0.84) | 2768 (5.28) | 0.26 | 647 (1.02) | 361 (1.14) | 286 (0.90) | 0.02 |
Other malignancies | 9039 (9.45) | 2232 (5.16) | 6807 (13.00) | 0.28 | 3972 (6.26) | 2065 (6.50) | 1907 (6.01) | 0.02 |
Cholangitis | 1011 (1.06) | 275 (0.64) | 736 (1.41) | 0.08 | 478 (0.75) | 245 (0.77) | 233 (0.73) | 0.00 |
Cholelithiasis | 3223 (3.37) | 1180 (2.73) | 2043 (3.90) | 0.07 | 1906 (3.00) | 939 (2.96) | 967 (3.05) | 0.01 |
Hepatitis B | 2562 (2.68) | 505 (1.17) | 2057 (3.93) | 0.18 | 933 (1.47) | 487 (1.53) | 446 (1.40) | 0.01 |
Hepatitis C | 2623 (2.74) | 551 (1.27) | 2072 (3.96) | 0.17 | 1037 (1.63) | 522 (1.64) | 515 (1.62) | 0.00 |
Other viral hepatitis | 97 (0.10) | 27 (0.06) | 70 (0.13) | 0.02 | 46 (0.07) | 22 (0.07) | 24 (0.08) | 0.00 |
Chronic kidney disease | 7530 (7.87) | 3509 (8.11) | 4021 (7.68) | 0.02 | 4957 (7.81) | 2609 (8.22) | 2348 (7.40) | 0.03 |
Cardiovascular events | ||||||||
Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction | 13,632 (14.26) | 9345 (21.61) | 4287 (8.18) | 0.38 | 7548 (11.89) | 3852 (12.13) | 3696 (11.64) | 0.02 |
Ischemic stroke | 8400 (8.78) | 5896 (13.63) | 2504 (4.78) | 0.31 | 4671 (7.36) | 2433 (7.66) | 2238 (7.05) | 0.02 |
Arrythmia | 5372 (5.62) | 2951 (6.82) | 2421 (4.62) | 0.09 | 3626 (5.71) | 1868 (5.88) | 1758 (5.54) | 0.01 |
Any cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accident event | 28,975 (30.30) | 18,226 (42.14) | 10,749 (20.52) | 0.48 | 17,760 (27.97) | 9142 (28.79) | 8618 (27.14) | 0.04 |
Atherosclerosis | 1861 (1.95) | 1133 (2.62) | 728 (1.39) | 0.09 | 1152 (1.81) | 621 (1.96) | 531 (1.67) | 0.02 |
Prior medications | ||||||||
Anti-diabetic therapy | ||||||||
Metformin | 64,474 (67.42) | 29,688 (68.65) | 34,786 (66.41) | 0.05 | 43,382 (68.32) | 21,612 (68.07) | 21,770 (68.57) | 0.01 |
Sulfonylurea | 49,442 (51.70) | 24,566 (56.80) | 24,876 (47.49) | 0.19 | 33,779 (53.20) | 16,779 (52.85) | 17,000 (53.54) | 0.01 |
Acarbose | 6637 (6.94) | 3205 (7.41) | 3432 (6.55) | 0.03 | 4489 (7.07) | 2266 (7.14) | 2223 (7.00) | 0.01 |
Thiazolidinedione | 4730 (4.95) | 2848 (6.59) | 1882 (3.59) | 0.14 | 3164 (4.98) | 1568 (4.94) | 1596 (5.03) | 0.00 |
DPP4 inhibitor | 4543 (4.75) | 1637 (3.79) | 2906 (5.55) | 0.08 | 2643 (4.16) | 1398 (4.40) | 1245 (3.92) | 0.02 |
GLP-1 agonist | 11 (0.01) | 4 (0.01) | 7 (0.01) | 0.00 | 7 (0.01) | 4 (0.01) | 3 (0.01) | 0.00 |
SGLT2 inhibitor | 135 (0.14) | 43 (0.10) | 92 (0.18) | 0.02 | 60 (0.09) | 39 (0.12) | 21 (0.07) | 0.02 |
Meglitinides | 7584 (7.93) | 3718 (8.60) | 3866 (7.38) | 0.04 | 5177 (8.15) | 2620 (8.25) | 2557 (8.05) | 0.01 |
Insulins | 2174 (2.27) | 428 (0.99) | 1746 (3.33) | 0.16 | 835 (1.31) | 423 (1.33) | 412 (1.30) | 0.00 |
Centrally acting anti-adrenergic agents | 332 (0.35) | 162 (0.37) | 170 (0.32) | 0.01 | 216 (0.34) | 109 (0.34) | 107 (0.34) | 0.00 |
α-blockers | 1255 (1.31) | 562 (1.30) | 693 (1.32) | 0.00 | 793 (1.25) | 414 (1.30) | 379 (1.19) | 0.01 |
Thiazide-type diuretics | 11,343 (11.86) | 5609 (12.97) | 5734 (10.95) | 0.06 | 7364 (11.60) | 3674 (11.57) | 3690 (11.62) | 0.00 |
ß-blockers | 18,784 (19.64) | 10,258 (23.72) | 8526 (16.28) | 0.19 | 12,035 (18.95) | 6037 (19.01) | 5998 (18.89) | 0.00 |
Calcium channel blockers | 27,997 (29.28) | 14,595 (33.75) | 13,402 (25.59) | 0.18 | 18,935 (29.82) | 9595 (30.22) | 9340 (29.42) | 0.02 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 10,628 (11.11) | 6523 (15.08) | 4105 (7.84) | 0.23 | 6915 (10.89) | 3386 (10.66) | 3529 (11.11) | 0.01 |
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists | 20,967 (21.93) | 11,678 (27.00) | 9289 (17.73) | 0.22 | 14,790 (23.29) | 7393 (23.29) | 7397 (23.30) | 0.00 |
HbA1c value | 8.42 ± 2.25 | 8.40 ± 2.17 | 8.43 ± 2.33 | 0.26 | 8.45 ± 2.25 | 8.46 ± 2.21 | 8.45 ± 2.28 | 0.03 |
