Table 2 Comparison of biomarker concentrations in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

From: Distinct systemic cytokine networks in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis

 

sCS

aCS

p-value

univariate analysis

p-value

logistic regression analysis

EGF (pg/ml)

Preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

12.44 (03.08–26.12)

1.25 (1.25–16.1)

0.029

0.048

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

21.78 (11.42–62.14)

9.76 (2.81–20.77)

0.010

0.114

FGF-2 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

46.28 (30.13–63.88)

31.25 (21.37–49.51)

0.032

0.016

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

45.44 (30.10–61.89)

28.94 (21.37–54.06)

0.134

0.150

Eotaxin (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

67.38 (41.91–85.13)

48.59 (35.24–88.56)

0.806

0.124

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

69.09 (45.38–94.37)

61.88 (42.36–87.15)

0.809

0.282

TGF-α (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.56 (0.41–0.79)

0.30 (0.22–0.70)

0.034

0.669

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.54 (0.34–0.67)

0.32 (0.15–0.55)

0.075

0.697

G-CSF (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

11.45 (2.38–26.52)

2.38 (2.38–22.75)

0.081

0.727

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

22.75 (11.99–37.92)

10.65 (4.53–29.68)

0.080

0.225

GM-CSF (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

4.71 (1.48–7.67)

2.11 (0.22–4.05)

0.023

0.025

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

5.04 (1.55–9.34)

2.43 (1.47–5.28)

0.090

0.082

Fractalkine (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

75.89 (56.70–93.17)

45.99 (19.91–56.70)

< 0.001

0.036

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

71.25 (56.70–101.30)

64.17 (34.07–93.17)

0.071

0.245

IFN-α2 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

25.81 (7.33–45.50)

3.36 (3.36–21.23)

0.003

0.023

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

23.52 (8.79–44.19)

10.60 (3.36–25.81)

0.043

0.056

IFN-γ (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

8.95 (2.61–11.98)

3.71 (0.78–7.07)

0.038

0.632

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

7.26 (1.97–9.52)

4.09 (1.51–8.95)

0.421

 

GRO-α (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

695.62 (416.49–1138.17)

476.72 (239.53–875.61)

0.082

0.393

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

610.18 (368.58–1319.76)

965.39 (513.93–1337.75)

0.388

0.451

IP-10 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

330.00 (286.24–599.50)

397.59 (253.04–464.90)

0.378

0.735

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

288.95 (216.34–642.74)

441.40 (308.93–671.78)

0.155

0.860

MDC (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

420.80 (318.65–473.98)

425.40 (313.56–564.65)

0.838

0.176

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

466.21 (341.28–556.46)

449.37 (265.08–611.50)

0.739

0.532

IL-12p70 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.09 (0.09–0.98)

0.09 (0.09–0.67)

0.412

0.985

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.09 (0.09–0.86)

0.09 (0.09–0.59)

0.560

0.385

sCD40L (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

123.98 (73.63–271.08)

94.96 (70.94–286.46)

0.622

0.646

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

165.71 (86.35–363.85)

120.04 (42.05–201.68)

0.091

0.212

IL-17A (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

2.31 (1.37–2.58)

1.33 (0.89–2.06)

0.019

0.763

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

2.21 (0.72–3.10)

1.18 (0.75–2.32)

0.262

0.745

IL-1RA (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

5.22 (1.15–17.77)

2.44 (0.02–7.79)

0.142

0.103

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

5.95 (0.02–13.49)

3.13 (0.02–7.80)

0.445

0.087

IL-1β (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.28 (0.72–1.68)

0.56 (0.31–1.00)

0.007

0.025

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.35 (0.54–1.71)

0.76 (0.40–1.64)

0.177

0.261

IL-2 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.13 (0.78–1.75)

0.78 (0.66–1.01)

0.010

0.023

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.48 (0.95–1.95)

1.01 (0.66–1.75)

0.186

0.644

IL-3 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.49 (0.90–2.38)

0.75 (0.36–1.35)

0.006

0.030

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.79 (0.80–2.25)

1.05 (0.48–1.47)

0.030

0.082

IL-4 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

6.27 (0.90–23.94)

0.9 (0.9–18.35)

0.505

0.699

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

11.83 (5.62–23.25)

14.21 (0.90–41.94)

0.808

0.397

IL-5 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.47 (0.08–1.06)

0.15 (0.05–0.32)

0.040

0.024

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.63 (0.12–1.11)

0.22 (0.05–0.52)

0.063

0.391

IL-7 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

2.70 (1.69–3.32)

0.78 (0.09–2.04)

0.002

0.029

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

3.22 (1.19–4.20)

1.45 (0.09–3.12)

0.030

0.162

IL-8 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

2.88 (2.13–4.06)

1.69 (1.13–2.76)

0.009

0.769

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

3.09 (1.82–4.53)

2.78 (1.35–3.55)

0.461

0.547

IL-10 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.38 (0.12–1.98)

0.12 (0.12–0.25)

0.037

0.111

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.25 (0.00–2.43)

0.00 (0.00–0.38)

0.082

0.799

IL-15 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

0.77 (0.24–2.22)

0.24 (0.02–0.77)

0.018

0.044

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

1.03 (0.35–2.47)

0.62 (0.35–1.55)

0.408

0.199

MCP-1 (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

390.21 (250.25–490.61)

363.80 (284.93–470.04)

0.812

0.943

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

425.48 (328.68–580.35)

374.87 (312.11–424.63)

0.253

0.150

MIP-1α (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

4.41 (2.67–5.48)

0.83 (0.48–4.70)

0.020

0.107

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

3.95 (0.83–5.63)

3.08 (0.83–4.96)

0.367

0.885

MIP-1β (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

24.95 (11.94–32.76)

21.28 (15.51–26.09)

0.417

0.826

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

26.37 (3.81–33.36)

18.56 (15.51–27.62)

0.582

0.767

TNF-α (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

15.73 (12.77–17.84)

15.52 (11.81–18.79)

0.944

0.332

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

15.75 (10.76–19.66)

14.62 (12.18–18.42)

0.849

0.365

MIF (pg/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

320.87 (238.10–452.86)

252.14 (195.26–452.89)

0.165

0.332

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

381.03 (245.09–751.89)

320.87 (245.09–491.43)

0.285

0.936

tPAI (ng/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

73.74 (46.99–113.98)

68.67 (57.23–85.23)

0.422

0.252

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

77.72 (49.36–97.36)

58.61 (37.94–81.31)

0.157

0.149

sICAM-1 (ng/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

180.88 (151.20–222.83)

155.02 (136.44–205.24)

0.285

0.806

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

184.08 (138.59–269.17)

170.56 (157.21–201.75)

0.666

0.769

sVCAM-1 (ng/ml)

preoperative sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

562.26 (414.00–703.18)

462.06 (377.61–579.36)

0.144

0.381

90 days follow-up sample [median (Q1–Q3)]

571.25 (470.25–600.32)

565.78 (450.10–677.52)

0.542

0.380

  1. P-values were calculated using Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate and binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for grade of stenosis, ESRS antithrombotic pre-treatment and statin pre-treatment, aCS asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, Q1–Q3 quartile 1–quartile 3, sCS symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
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