Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes for paediatric patients who received ramelteon or placebo for the prevention of emergence agitation. Data are presented as number or median [IQR].

From: Preventive effect of ramelteon on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial

 

Placebo (n = 24)

Ramelteon (n = 24)

Risk ratio or median difference (95% CI)

P value

Agitation (%)

16 (66.7)

16 (66.7)

1.0 (0.67 to 1.49)

> 0.99

PAED score

13.5 [7.5 to 18.0]

13.5 [6.8 to 19.2]

0 (− 4.8 to 5.6)*

0.79

Aono’s score

3 [1 to 4]

3 [1.75 to 4]

0 (− 1.1 to 1.4)*

0.80

Rescue drug use (%)

11 (45.8)

13 (54.2)

1.18 (0.67 to 2.09)

0.77

Desaturation in PACU (%)

6 (25.0)

1 (4.2)

0.17 (0.02 to 1.28)

0.10

POV (%)

6 (25.0)

5 (20.8)

0.83 (0.29 to 2.37)

> 0.99

Time to recovery from anaesthesia (min)

16 [12 to 22]

12 [7 to 18]

− 4.0 (− 9.1 to 0.1)*

0.08

CHEOPS score

12.0 [7.5 to 13]

11.5 [9 to 12]

− 0.5 (− 2.5 to 1.6)*

0.56

PAB score

1 [1 to 2]

1 [1 to 2]

0 (− 0.6 to 0.9)*

0.77

  1. PAED: Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium, PACU: post-anaesthesia care unit, POV: post-operative vomiting, CHEOPS: Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale, PAB: Paediatric Anaesthesia Behaviour.
  2. *The 95% confidence interval of the median difference was calculated using the bootstrap method.
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