Figure 4

Liquid metal experiments. (a) Experimental setup in liquid metal jetting drop-on-demand system. (b) Time-domain S₁₁ measurement on tin droplets for a 200 um nozzle with 10 Hz pressure pulses. Peak values are denoted with colored markers. Images of jetted droplets are shown above the corresponding S₁₁ signal perturbation. (c) Peak S₁₁ value (averaged over 8 peaks) for each droplet plotted as a function of effective droplet diameter. (d) Droplet position (height, z-axis) over time for each droplet. Colored markers correspond to known peak locations and curves (blue) correspond to a second-order polynomial curve fit. The constants yielded by the curve fit are provided in Table 1.