Figure 2 

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell metabolic activity, viability, vitality, and biofilm thickness: (A) LRG cell metabolic activity assessed using XTT and WST-8 assay eventually measured as %viability of LRG treated with A-SF, B-SF, 1% Arg + 0.4% NaF, and respective intervention controls. The data was normalized to LRG control. (B) The LRG cell viability assessed by colony forming units for A-SF, B-SF, and the respective controls. (C) The biofilm thickness determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (in µm) for A-SF, B-SF, and the respective controls. (D) 2-D confocal laser scanning microscopy images (×100) for LRG treated with A-SF, B-SF, and respective controls: (a) LRG; (b) 1% Arg; (c) 2% Arg; (d) 0.2% NaF; (e) 1% Arg + 0.2% NaF; and (f) 2% Arg + 0.2% NaF. (E) 3-D scaled confocal laser scanning microscopy images (×100) for LRG treated with A-SF, B-SF, and respective controls: (a) LRG; (b) 1% Arg; (c) 2% Arg; (d) 0.2% NaF; (e) 1% Arg + 0.2% NaF; and (f) 2% Arg + 0.2% NaF. Both 2-D and 3-D confocal imaging demonstrate the enhanced cell density and LRG vitality with A-SF, B-SF, 1% Arg, and 2% Arg. Different lowercase (a–d)/uppercase (A–C) English alphabets indicate significant differences between treatment groups at p < 0.05.