Figure 2

Overall gut microbiota composition in obese individuals with liver steatosis and/or liver fibrosis. Measure of alpha-diversity indexes: chao-1 (A), number of observed ASV (B), Shannon (C), Simpson (D), Heip-evenness (E) and Simpson-evenness (F), (n = 10 for patients with slight/moderate steatosis “LS”, n = 18 for patients with a high-severity of liver steatosis “HS” and n = 9 for patients with a HS and liver fibrosis “HS + Fib”). For each panel, data are expressed as mean ± SEM. A One-way ANOVA, followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, were performed. (G) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the weighted UniFrac distance, colored by group (PcoA was performed in R software version 3.5.1). (H) Barplots representing the mean of relative abundance of phyla, accounting for more than 1%, in each group. Graphical representations of alpha-diversity indexes and barplots were performed using Graphpad Prism software version 8 (www.graphpad.com). (I) Discriminant analysis of the fecal gut microbiota between LS and HS + Fib groups, using LefSe. Taxa enriched in the LS group are highlighted in red and shown in the linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Graphical representation was performed using Galaxy/Hutlab tool (huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/galaxy). (J) Mean percentage of the relative abundance for C. sensu stricto. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. A Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test was performed for detecting significant differences between groups. Dunn’s multiple comparisons were then assessed. Significant differences are presented as: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.