Figure 5
From: Cigarette smoke-induced impairment of autophagy in macrophages increases galectin-8 and inflammation
Expression of galectin-8 and NDP52 is increased in COPD. (a) Galectin-8 and (b) NDP52 protein expression in lung homogenates from healthy volunteers (HV, n = 4), smokers with normal lung function (SM, n = 11), COPD GOLD stage 1 (n = 8), COPD GOLD stage 2 (n = 7), COPD GOLD stage 3 (n = 4) and COPD GOLD stage 4 (n = 5), (c) serum galectin-8 of HV + SM (n = 25), COPD patients with infrequent exacerbations (n = 23) and COPD patients with frequent exacerbations (n = 10) as determined by ELISA. (d) Correlation between serum galectin-8 and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in COPD patients (n = 33). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. HV = healthy volunteer, SM = smoker, C1/2/4 = COPD GOLD stage 1/2/4.
