Figure 2

Percent change in nitrogen use rate (left panel) and grain yields (right panel) due to NE-based fertilizer management compared to FFP segregated by crop types, agro-ecological zones and farmers’ fertilizer application rates. In the Y-axis, the numbers outside parentheses denote the number of villages and the ones inside parentheses show the number of pairs analyzed. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals (CI). The changes are considered significant when 95% CI does not overlap zero, and the effects of categories within a parameter are significantly different when their 95% CI do not overlap with each other. IGP = Indo-Gangetic Plains.