Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the quartiles of the TyG index.

Men (%)

759 (32.1%)

899 (37.8%)

1054 (44.5%)

1286(54.3%)

 < 0.001

Age (years)

54.4 ± 11.3

56.8 ± 11.5

57.7 ± 11.4

57.8 ± 11.2

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

77.4 ± 8.5

80.6 ± 8.9

83.1 ± 8.5

86.1 ± 8.0

 < 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.5 ± 2.8

23.4 ± 3.0

24.1 ± 3.1

24.8 ± 2.8

 < 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

117.6 ± 17.5

121.9 ± 17.3

124.1 ± 17.4

127.8 ± 17.2

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.3 ± 10.3

77.3 ± 10.2

79.0 ± 10.4

81.4 ± 10.5

 < 0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.5

5.3 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.5

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.7 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 0.9

5.1 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 0.9

 < 0.001

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.7 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.2

2.6 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.0 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 0.8

3.3 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 0.9

 < 0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)

21.6 ± 9.2

22.1 ± 9.5

22.8 ± 13.6

25.3 ± 14.2

 < 0.001

Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)

17.4 ± 10.6

19.1 ± 11.3

21.5 ± 21.6

25.6 ± 17.3

 < 0.001

Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

5.4 ± 1.5

5.4 ± 1.5

5.3 ± 1.5

5.2 ± 1.4

 < 0.001

Creatinine (μmol/L)

70.7 ± 17.7

70.7 ± 17.7

70.7 ± 17.7

70.7 ± 17.7

 < 0.001

Vitamin D (nmol/L)

18.9 ± 7.2

19.3 ± 7.2

19.3 ± 7.1

19.6 ± 7.1

0.024

TyG index

7.9 ± 0.2

8.4 ± 0.1

8.7 ± 0.1

9.3 ± 0.3

 < 0.001

ALM/weight (%)

30.0 ± 4.5

29.6 ± 4.5

29.6 ± 4.6

29.8 ± 4.3

0.002

Low muscle mass 1SD (%)

397 (16.8%)

606 (25.5%)

727 (30.7%)

850 (35.9%)

 < 0.001

Low muscle mass 2SD (%)

58 (2.5%)

100 (4.2%)

132 (5.6%)

158 (6.7%)

 < 0.001

Hypertension (%)

572 (24.3%)

772 (32.6%)

975 (41.4%)

1188 (50.3%)

 < 0.001

Current smoker (%)

303 (12.9%)

374 (15.8%)

467 (19.9%)

630 (26.7%)

 < 0.001

Heavy alcohol consumption (%)

269 (11.5%)

325 (13.7%)

408 (17.3%)

609 (25.9%)

 < 0.001

Regular exercise (%)

633 (27.0%)

617 (26.2%)

607 (25.8%)

537 (22.8%)

0.005