Table 2 Comparison of primer sets developed by WHO referral labs, against the primer set obtained by the proposed approach, listed as UtrechtU-ORF3a.

From: Classification and specific primer design for accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 using deep learning

Primer

Sequence

Frequency (%)

Specific (Yes/No)

Charite-E-F

5′-ACA GGT ACG TTA ATA GTT AAT AGC GT-3′

99.90

No

Charite-E-R

5′-ATA TTG CAG CAG TAC GCA CAC A-3′

99.90

No

CHINA-CDC-ORF1ab-F

5′-CCC TGT GGG TTT TAC ACT TAA-3′

99.90

Yes

CHINA-CDC-ORF1ab-R

5′-ACG ATT GTG CAT CAG CTG A-3′

99.59

Yes

HKU-N-F

5′-TAA TCA GAC AAG GAA CTG ATT A-3′

99.56

No

HKU-N-R

5′-CGA AGG TGT GAC TTC CAT G-3′

99.58

No

US-CDC-N1-F

5′-GAC CCC AAA ATC AGC GAA AT-3′

99.71

Yes

US-CDC-N1-R

5′-TCT GGT TAC TGC CAG TTG AAT CTG-3′

99.57

Yes

US-CDC-N2-F

5′-TTA CAA ACA TTG GCC GCA AA-3′

99.43

No

US-CDC-N2-R

5′-GCG CGA CAT TCC GAA GAA-3′

99.74

Yes

UtrechtU-ORF3a-F

5′-TAG CAC TCT CCA AGG GTG TTC-3′

99.57

Yes

UtrechtU-ORF3a-R

5′-GCA AAG CCA AAG CCT CAT TA-3′

99.48

Yes

US-CDC-N3-F

5′-GGG AGC CTT GAA TAC ACC AAA A-3′

99.09

Yes

US-CDC-N3-R

5′-TGT AGC ACG ATT GCA GCA TTG-3′

99.72

Yes

CHINA-CDC-N-F

5′-GGG GAA CTT CTC CTG CTA GAA T-3′

68.52

Yes

CHINA-CDC-N-R

5′-CAG ACA TTT TGC TCT CAA GCT G-3′

99.20

Yes

  1. The Frequency column indicates frequency of appearance of the sequence among samples of the GISAID dataset. The Specific (Yes/No) column shows whether the sequence appears to be unique to SARS-CoV-2 samples, or can also be found in other viruses, according to the evaluation on the NCBI-B and NGDC datasets.