Table 3 Glacier mass balance information based on ground observation⁵⁸ and remote sensing monitoring on the QTP⁵⁵.

Glacier name	Mass balance	Ground monitoring			Remote-sensing monitoring
Glacier name	Mass balance	Lon	Lat	Period	Name of glacier area	Mass balance	Period
Palong Glacier No. 4	− 0.37 ± 0.36	96.98	29.39	1980–2015	Hindu Raj	− 0.11 ± 0.13	1973–2000
Hailuogou Glacier	− 0.34 ± 0.44	101.92	29.58	1989–1999	Spiti Lahaul	− 0.04 ± 0.1	1973–2000
Demla Glacier	− 1.02 ± 0.55	97.02	29.36	2007–2010	West Kunlun	0.02 ± 0.1	1973–2000
Palon Glacier No. 94	− 0.90 ± 0.56	96.98	29.39	2006–2016	Mudu Tag	− 0.06 ± 0.12	1975–2000
Kangwure Glacier	− 0.51 ± 0.23	85.82	28.47	1992–2010	West Nepal	− 0.23 ± 0.18	1975–2000
Namunani Glacier	− 0.42 ± 0.16	81.28	30.45	2006–2010	Central Nepal	− 0.28 ± 0.11	1974–2000
Muztag Peak Glacier	− 0.18 ± 0.41	75.06	38.24	2006–2010	Sikkim	− 0.30 ± 0.12	1975–2000
Guren River Glacier	− 0.31 ± 0.47	90.24	30.21	2006–2010	Nyainqentanglha	− 0.25 ± 0.15	1975–2000
Palong Glacier No. 10	− 0.78 ± 0.48	96.90	29.29	2006–2009	Geladandong	− 0.22 ± 0.12	1976–2000
Palong Glacier No. 12	− 1.70 ± 0.49	96.90	29.30	2006–2010	Yigong River	− 0.11 ± 0.14	1975–2000
Zhuxi Glacier	− 0.52 ± 0.57	91.45	30.87	2008–2010	Palung River	− 0.19 ± 0.14	1974–2000
Qiyi Glacier	− 0.18 ± 0.37	97.76	39.24	1975–2010
Small Dongkemadi Glacier	− 0.27 ± 0.38	92.06	33.08	1989–2010

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