Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample.

Body height (cm)

169.1 ± 6.7

165.4 ± 5.1

165.4 ± 5.4

0.045^a

0.057^b

0.066

(165.1 ± 5.5)

Weight (kg)

58.9 ± 7.9

43.9 ± 5.1

47.7 ± 5.1

< 0.001^a,b,c

(44.5 ± 4.9)

BMI (kg/m²)

20.5 ± 1.9

16.0 ± 1.5

17.4 ± 1.2

< 0.001^a,b,c

(16.3 ± 1.2)

BMI percentile (according to KIGGS)

39.3 ± 23.7

2.8 ± 3.4

7.4 ± 5.6

< 0.001^a,b,c

(2.9 ± 3.4)

BMI SDS (according to KIGGS)

− 0.4 ± 0.7

− 2.6 ± 1.5

− 1.7 ± 0.8

< 0.001^a,b,c

(− 2.4 ± 1.1)

FM (%)

25 ± 5.6^#

17 ± 4.3⁺

21.5 ± 5

< 0.001^a,c

0.049^b

(17.1 ± 4.1)

FMI (kg/m²)

5.2 ± 1.5^#

2.8 ± 0.8⁺

7.9 ± 1.8

< 0.001^a,b,c

(2.8 ± 0.7)

FFMI (kg/m²)

15.3 ± 1.4^#

13.4 ± 1.2⁺

13.7 ± 1.1

< 0.001^a,b

0.087^c

(13.5 ± 1.2)