Figure 1

Schematic of the data collection setup, and incidence rate ratios (± 95% confidence intervals) comparing bat activity from before, after and between train passes in intervals of (a) 30 s, (b) 60 s, (c) 120 s, (d) 240 s and (e) 480 s duration. Each plot row provides the incidence rate ratio of the first interval type (data-point and confidence interval) against the second (vertical dotted line) noted on the y-axis. Asterisks indicate the significance level of a given comparison, (no asterisk—not significantly different; . p ≤ 0.1 *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).