Table 2 Female cranial measurements (mm) of seven sites.

From: Female craniometrics support the ‘two-layer model’ of human dispersal in Eastern Eurasia

Martin number and measurement

Yahuai

Hang Cho

Mai Da Dieu

Bau Du

Xiaoma

Huiyaotiana

Liyupob

04HCH3-M1

84MDD-M1

14BD1-M4

No. 5

n

Mean

SD

n

Mean

SD

1. Max. cranial length

190

192

181

172

162

4

195.8

3.5

3

184.3

8.4

5. Basion-nasion length

92

103

89

90

 

1

98

 

3

101.3

5.1

8. Max. cranial breadth

147

138

126

133

128

2

135.5

7.8

3

133.3

4.2

9. Min. frontal breadth

109

100

89

93

87

4

96.5

5.8

3

98.8

3.9

10. Max. frontal breadth

130

112

100

110

102

2

114.5

3.5

3

112.3

4.9

12. Max. occipital breadth

114

115

 

116

101

   

3

108.5

6.7

17. Basion-bregma height

143

135

(130)

133

(132)c

2

145.0

14.1

3

132.3

5.5

29. Frontal chord

120

130

108

110

98

2

108.6

2.3

3

107.1

5.3

30. Parietal chord

119

 

119

111

107

2

124.1

2.6

2

115.8

7.5

31. Occipital chord

110

 

91

103

 

1

100

 

2

106.9

4.5

40. Basion-prosthion breadth

94

  

97

    

3

99.7

4.0

43. Upper facial breadth

115

113

112

108

96

4

110.3

7.8

3

109.9

3.6

45. Bizygomatic breadth

152

128

120

(134)

(138)

3

140.7

1.2

2

131.6

7.6

46. Bimaxillary breadth

98

95

103

110

− 104

3

105.3

3.0

3

103.6

4.4

48. Upper facial height

62

61

58

59

59

5

66.5

4.6

2

62.5

2.2

51. Orbital breadth

(41)

42

38

41

38

3

42.3

3.4

2

41.2

1.1

52. Orbital height

35

31

33

31

31

4

34.8

3.4

2

34.4

0.8

54. Nasal breadth

25

26

27

26

26

4

27.7

1.6

3

27.4

1.4

55. Nasal height

48

47

43

44

43

4

51.2

1.5

2

46.5

2.1

43(1) Frontal chord (FC)

102

106

 

97

86

2

98.2

5.9

3

104

5.5

43c. Frontal subtense (FS)

14.4

27

 

14.6

 

2

9.15

6.6

2

19.2

9.4

57. Simotic chord (SC)

 

13

 

10

 

2

10.4

0.4

2

10.4

0.0

57a. Simotic subtense (SS)

     

2

2.9

0.0

2

3.9

0.0

46b. Zygomaxillary chord (ZC)

98

97

 

110

(102)

2

103.6

5.1

2

102.3

8.0

46c. Zygomaxillary subtense (ZS)

17.4

33

 

18.7

 

2

19.4

17.5

2

26.2

6.1

  1. Data were collected by Matsumura.
  2. aMean values of six individuals: M7, M19, M20, M32, M39, and M45-2.
  3. bMean values of three individuals: M22, M23, and M28. Values in parentheses are estimated measurements based on reconstructing the missing piece or preserved part.
  4. cEstimated measurements based on regression analysis of auricular-basion height (ABH) using 24 Japanese female crania (equation: Basion-bregma height = ABH × 1.05 + 14.26, ABH = 112 mm).
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