Table 11 Detected toxic metals concentrations (mg/kg) in the evaluated carbohydrate sources.

Toxic metals	Wheat bran	SEM	Whole corn	SEM	Broken rice	SEM	P
Aluminum (Al)	61.1269^a	3.1918	33.5225^b	1.8309	4.8543^c	0.8995	< 0.0001
Barium (Ba)	21.8277^a	1.9073	0.3219^b	0.1794	0.3189^b	0.2305	< 0.0001
Lead (Pb)	13.5606^a	1.5034	5.8264^b	0.7633	3.5085^b	0.7647	< 0.0001
Cobalt (Co)	0.6809^a	0.3369	4.158E − 07^a	0.000204	4.158E − 07^a	0.000263	0.9993
Chromium (Cr)	2.5956^a	0.6577	0.4819^b	0.2314	–	–	0.0084
Tin (Sn)	7.2633^a	1.1002	3.4455^b	0.587	1.9679^b	0.5727	0.001
Iron (Fe)	156.06^a	5.1	40.9944^b	2.0247	4.2234^c	0.839	< 0.0001
Mercury (Hg)	2.00^a	0.5774	–	–	3.2166^a	0.8021	0.2443
Nickel (Ni)	1.7282^b	0.5367	5.3118^a	0.7288	0.1796^b	0.173	0.0007
Uranium (U)	116.38^a	4.4042	35.6404^b	1.8879	19.5955^c	1.8072	< 0.0001
Vanadium (V)	1.6922^a	0.5311	0.2646^b	0.1627	–	–	0.0177

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