Figure 4

(a) Second invariant strain map of the Garhwal–Kumaun Himalaya. Coloured contours represent the total strain rates in the region as a scalar quantity. High compression zone (HCZ), Extensional deformational zone (EDZ), Equal strain-rate zone (ESZ), Low strain-rate zone (LSZ), and the locked zone are marked. Three profiles are plotted in the figure and their explanations are given in Fig. 5. The black rectangle given in the inset map at the left bottom corner of the plot indicates the study area. The base map was created using the Surfer software (https://www.goldensoftware.com/products/surfer) and further modifications are done in Grapher software (https://www.goldensoftware.com/products/grapher). (b) Second invariant of strain-rate above and below the 100 nstrain/a barrier is plotted against the earthquake size.