Table 1 Study patient characteristics.

From: Biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis

 

Entire population (n = 85)

CVD (n = 39)

No CVD (n = 46)

p-value

Sex, male, n (%)

61 (71.8)

28 (71.8)

33 (71.7)

0.996

Age (years)

59.1 ± 11.0

60.2 ± 8.9

58.2 ± 12.4

0.402

BMI (kg/m2)

30.1 ± 5.6

30.0 ± 5.3

30.2 ± 5.9

0.883

PASI*

3.6 (1.2–11.0)

4.0 (2.2–9.0)

3.0 (0–11.0)

0.351

PsA, n (%)

21 (24.7)

10 (25.6)

11 (23.9)

0.854

Medically treated hypertension, n (%)

38 (44.7)

23 (59.0)

15 (32.6)

0.015

Medically treated diabetes, n (%)

21 (24.7)

14 (35.9)

7 (15.2)

0.028

Systemic anti-psoriatic treatment, n (%)

44 (51.8)

20 (51.53)

24 (52.2)

0.935

Statin treatment, n (%)

41 (48.2)

31 (79.5)

10 (21.7)

 < 0.001

Smoking, present or previous, n (%)

61 (71.8)

31 (79.5)

30 (65.2)

0.145

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

36.0 (34.0–41.0)

37.0 (35.0–47.5)

35.0 (33.3–37.0)

0.026

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.47 ± 0.96

3.88 ± 0.78

4.97 ± 0.80

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.41 ± 0.84

1.92 ± 0.67

2.83 ± 0.74

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.24 ± 0.38

1.25 ± 0.42

1.22 ± 0.34

0.742

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.66 (1.10–2.50)

1.48 (1.10–1.84)

1.98 (1.20–2.77)

0.042

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

6.28 ± 1.29

6.30 ± 1.44

6.26 ± 1.16

0.891

hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.40 (0.67–3.82)

1.01 (0.68–3.56)

1.90 (0.67–3.77)

0.669

Neutrophils (109/L)

4.24 ± 1.40

4.49 ± 1.30

4.03 ± 1.46

0.130

Lymphocytes (109/L)

1.85 ± 0.66

1.79 ± 0.71

1.90 ± 0.61

0.455

NLR

2.56 ± 1.23

2.85 ± 1.40

2.32 ± 1.03

0.046

Carotid arteries (TBRmax)

1.71 ± 0.36

1.70 ± 0.35

1.72 ± 0.38

0.866

Entire aorta (TBRmax)

2.26 ± 0.38

2.20 ± 0.36

2.31 ± 0.40

0.164

Ascending aorta (TBRmax)

2.45 ± 0.45

2.36 ± 0.42

2.52 ± 0.46

0.113

CIMT (mm)

0.72 ± 0.13

0.75 ± 0.11

0.70 ± 0.14

0.063

Carotid artery plaques, n (%)

0.013

No plaques

35 (41.7)

11 (28.9)

24 (52.2)

 

Plaques in one artery

17 (20.2)

6 (15.8)

11 (23.9)

 

Plaques in both arteries

32 (38.1)

21 (55.3)

11 (23.9)

 

CCS, median (IQR)

20.5 (1.0–283.0)

283.0 (30.0–652.0)

4.5 (0.0–123.5)

0.002

CCS = 0

15 (24.6)

1 (5.9)

14 (31.8)

0.033

CCS > 0–100

24 (39.3)

6 (35.3)

18 (40.9)

 

CCS > 100

22 (36.1)

10 (58.8)

12 (27.3)

 
  1. Parametric data are reported as means ± SDs and non-parametric data are medians (IQRs).
  2. BMI body mass index, PASI psoriasis area and severity index, PsA psoriatic arthritis, CVD cardiovascular disease, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, TBRmax maximum target-to-background ratio, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, CCS coronary artery calcium score.
  3. *Approximately half of patients in each group were treated with systemic anti-psoriatic agents (see text).
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