Table 3 Analyses of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) associations with carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, and vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries, respectively, in patients with psoriasis without cardiovascular disease and statin treatment.

From: Biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis

 

Carotid intima-media thickness*

β coefficient

95% CI

p-value

GDF-15

Model 1

0.13

(0.06 to 0.21)

 < 0.001

Model 2

0.07

(− 0.05 to 0.18)

0.237

Model 3

0.06

(− 0.05 to 0.18)

0.274

 

Coronary artery calcium score**

OR

95% CI

p-value

GDF-15

Model 1

1.70

(1.34 to 2.33)

 < 0.001

Model 2

1.50

(1.11 to 2.13)

0.013

Model 3

1.56

(1.14 to 2.27)

0.010

 

TBRmax (carotid arteries)*

β coefficient

95% CI

p-value

NLR

Model 1

0.13

(0.02 to 0.24)

0.021

Model 2

0.11

(0.01 to 0.22)

0.039

Model 3

0.11

(0.00 to 0.22)

0.044

  1. Model 1, crude results; Model 2, after adjustment for the America College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk score; Model 3, after adjustment for ACC/AHA risk score and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
  2. TBRmax maximum target-to-background ratio, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  3. *Linear -and multivariable regression models were performed to assess the association between GDF-15 and NLR and carotid intima-media thickness and vascular inflammation, respectively, in the carotid arteries.
  4. **Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the association between GDF-15 and the coronary artery calcium score.
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