Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of substrates used in the present study.
Substrate | Thickness [μm] | Contact angle | Cost (USD/m2) | Displacement of waterfront [mm]: Time intervals (5 mm channel width) | Components | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 s | 60 s | 120 s | |||||
Whatman No. 4 (pore size: 20 μm)42 | 210 | 46.04° | ≈24.80 | 20.2 | 29.4 | 38.9 | Cellulose fiber of treated cotton linter, high on alpha-cellulose44 |
Whatman No. 1 (pore size: 11 μm)42 | 180 | 50.4° | ≈ 24.30 | 15.8 | 27.5 | 38.8 | Cellulose fiber of treated cotton linter, high on alpha-cellulose44 |
Xuan paper (pore size: 14 μm)43 | 150 | 45.43° | ≈ 0.26 | 18.9 | 29.9 | 39.3 | Bark fibers of blue sandalwood and rice straw36 |
Cotton paper | 100 | 51.73° | ≈ 0.47 | 6.5 | 9.6 | 14.4 | Cotton linter fibers45 |
Jinghe paper | 130 | 54.48° | ≈ 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | Bark fibers of mulberry plants, evodia tree45 |
