Figure 3
From: Birth order and prosociality in the early adolescent brain
Amygdala functional correlates (Study IIb). (a) Histograms of adolescents’ age at MRI scanning, socioeconomic status, and parental age at the TTC survey in each sibling status group are shown. (b) The means and standard deviations (SDs) of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) prosocial behavior (PB) score in each sibling status and sex group are illustrated (*: Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05). (c) The two major amygdala nuclei, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) (green) and the centromedial amygdala (CMA) (red), were used as seed regions. (d) In the drawn region [right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)], the sibling status has marginal and significant effects on the right BLA functional connectivity (FC), when controlling for age, sex (left), and additionally for socioeconomic status (right), respectively. (e) The means and SDs of the right BLA FC in the cluster described in the left panel of (d) are illustrated (*: Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05). (f, g) Mediation effects (f) and sex-moderated mediation effects (g) of the pathways from the sibling status to the SDQ PB score via the right BLA–right DLPFC FC are shown.
