Table 2 Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) for the association of quintiles of the cumulative airborne cadmium exposure with risk of breast cancer according to breast cancer stage in the case–control study nested within the E3N cohort, France, 1990–2008.

From: Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study

Cumulative airborne cadmium exposure (mg/m2)

n cases/controls

OR (95% CI)a

P trend

P likelihood

P heterogeneity

Stage I

≤ 0.072

454/481

Ref

   

> 0.072–0.767

491/464

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

   

> 0.767–2.822

491/462

1.2 (0.9–1.4)

   

> 2.822–11.07

470/492

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

   

> 11.07

464/471

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.882

0.502

 

Stage II

≤ 0.072

257/242

Ref

   

> 0.072–0.767

217/265

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

   

> 0.767–2.822

253/242

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

   

> 2.822–11.07

236/237

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

   

> 11.07

253/230

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

0.296

0.208

 

Stages III–IV

≤ 0.072

78/63

Ref

   

> 0.072–0.767

69/70

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

   

> 0.767–2.822

66/85

0.6 (0.4–1.1)

   

> 2.822–11.07

63/55

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

   

> 11.07

62/64

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.253

0.470

0.455

  1. aMultivariable models were adjusted for physical activity, tobacco smoking status, alcohol intake, level of education, body mass index, age at menarche, age at first full-term pregnancy, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone replacement therapy use, status of birthplace, previous family history of breast cancer and personal history of benign breast disease.
  2. P likelihood: P-values from likelihood ratio test comparing the statistically significance of the global effect of the quintiles.
  3. P heterogeneity: comparing heterogeneity of associations across breast cancer stage at diagnosis.
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