Figure 1

Svalbard archipelago (top; land in black), (a) the 50 km radius area corresponding to the regional scale, and (b) the Kongsfjorden area corresponding to the fjord scale. Kittiwake breeding colonies (circles: BLM (purple) = Blomstrand; FGL (dark blue) = Fuglehuken; KRY (cyan) = Krykkjefjellet; OBS (green) = Observasjonsholmen; OSS (yellow) = Ossian Sarsfjellet) and glacier fronts (blue areas) are also shown. Maps were generated using R (version 4.0.242; URL: https://www.R-project.org/).