Table 9 Concentration and detection rate more than LOQ of urinary neonicotinoids and DMAP (μg/g Cre) in each class of urinary creatinine-adjusted Cystatin-C concentration.
Zero CysC (A) | Normal CysC (B) | High CysC (C) | A vs B p valuea | B vs C p valuea | Correlation Coefficientb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detection rate > LOQ% | ||||||
DMAP | 71.4% | 96.2% | 85.7% | 0.007 | 0.21 | |
Dinotefuran | 28.6% | 15.4% | 28.6% | 0.38 | 0.37 | |
Thiamethoxam | 42.9% | 20.5% | 0% | 0.17 | 0.18 | |
Imidacloprid | 0% | 2.6% | 14.3% | 0.67 | 0.11 | |
Clothianidin | 28.6% | 16.7% | 0% | 0.43 | 0.24 | |
Thiacloprid | 14.3% | 2.6% | 0% | 0.11 | 0.67 | |
Concentration, uncorrected (mean ± SD, μg/L) | ||||||
DMAP | 1.90 ± 2.31 | 0.81 ± 0.92 | 0.58 ± 0.68 | 0.013, 0.38 | 0.53, 0.44 | − 0.08, 0.44 |
Dinotefuran | 0.24 ± 0.45 | 0.07 ± 0.19 | 0.33 ± 0.63 | 0.049, 0.28 | 0.009, 0.25 | 0.01, 0.92 |
Thiamethoxam | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.21 ± 0.87 | 0 | 0.73, 0.26 | IC, 0.25 | − 0.04, 0.73 |
Imidacloprid | 0 | 0.08 ± 0.62 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | IC, 0.67 | 0.78, 0.12 | − 0.014, 0.89 |
Clothianidin | 0.15 ± 0.31 | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0 | 0.057, 0.33 | IC, 0.25 | − 0.05, 0.64 |
Thiacloprid | 0.04 ± 0.12 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0 | 0.035, 0.098 | IC, 0.67 | − 0.03, 0.79 |
Concentration, creatinine corrected (mean ± SD, μg/g Cre) | ||||||
DMAP | 9.20 ± 8.70 | 1.16 ± 1.98 | 0.98 ± 1.08 | < 0.001, 0.068 | 0.82, 0.99 | − 0.06, 0.57 |
Dinotefuran | 2.12 ± 4.32 | 0.07 ± 0.19 | 0.42 ± 0.85 | < 0.001, 0.27 | 0.003, 0.24 | − 0.02, 0.88 |
Thiamethoxam | 0.61 ± 0.98 | 0.26 ± 0.92 | 0 | 0.34, 0.14 | IC, 0.25 | − 0.05, 0.65 |
Imidacloprid | 0 | 0.04 ± 0.24 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | IC, 0.67 | 0.79, 0.12 | − 0.01, 0.89 |
Clothianidin | 0.63 ± 1.35 | 0.05 ± 0.15 | 0 | < 0.001, 0.27 | IC. 0.25 | − 0.04, 0.73 |
Thiacloprid | 0.17 ± 0.45 | 0.004 ± 0.031 | 0 | 0.001, 0.098 | IC, 0.67 | − 0.02, 0.84 |
