Table 1 Overview of the experimental parameters of the different THz-SAXS beamtimes.

From: Probing the existence of non-thermal Terahertz radiation induced changes of the protein solution structure

Date

Dec 2018

Aug 2019

Oct 2019

Aug 2020

THz source

Source II

Source II

Source I

Source II

Frequency [THz]

0.1–6.0

0.1–6.0

0.5

0.1–6.0

Cw/pulsed

Pulsed: 100 MHz

Pulsed:100 MHz

Cw

Pulsed: 100 MHz

Power (average) [mW]

0.03

0.06

1.0

0.06

Power density [mW/cm2]

0.4

0.8

6.5

0.8

Spot size diameter (free) [mm]

3

3

4

3

Spot size* (on sample) [mm]

2

2

2

2

Deposited energy**

[µJ]

5

4

75

10

SAXS

X-ray energy [keV]/wavelength [nm]

10/0.124

10/0.124

10/0.124

10/0.124

Sample-detector distance [m]

3.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

Detector

PILATUS 6 M

PILATUS 6 M

PILATUS 6 M

PILATUS 6 M

Exposure time [ms]

100

100, 200

200

50

Number of frames

50

50

250

50

Samples

Microtubules

Microtubules/BSA

BSA

BSA

Concentration [mg/mL]

3.5

3.5/4.4–5.3

5.8

2.5, 10.9

Sample volume [µl]

120

120

120

120

Flow rate [µL/s]

2

5

2

2

Dwell time (in THz beam) [s]

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.4

THz status during SAXS

On/off

On/off

On/off/alternating

On/off

  1. *Defined by sample cell aperture of w = 2 mm.
  2. **Taking into account the dwell time of the sample in the THz beam and the transmission of the PS window.