Table 1 The fitted results, and associated errors, for the runs plotted in Fig. 3. The covariance estimate between the fitted diffusivity and fitted radiolytic yield is also reported. The runs are in chronological order. The radiolytic yield determined from this data set was (0.107 ± 0.004) \({\upmu }\)mol J\(^{-1}\). The diffusivity calculated as a ratio of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient through the sludge to the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in water is 0.754 ± 0.014. The measured radiolytic yields indicate an observed radiolytic consumption of (27 ± 6) nmol J\(^{-1}\). This gives a lower bound for the radiolytic consumption rate of (0.22 ± 0.08) nmolJ\(^{-1}\) \({\upmu }\)M\(^{-1}\), given the change between the initial and second radiolytic yield, which would only hold if all the produced hydrogen remained in the irradiated region.

From: First observation of radiolytic bubble formation in unstirred nano-powder sludges and a consistent model thereof