Figure 1

Boxplots of blood cell subtypes in the HC and MS Groups. Boxplots for three blood cell types, five differential white blood cell subtypes, and the three derived ratios (NLR, PLR, MLR) calculated from the differential white blood cell counts are shown. The p-values are the results of the Mann–Whitney U test, and the effect size \(r\) below each p-value was calculated as \(\left(Z/\sqrt{n}\right)\). HC, healthy controls; MLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; MS, multiple sclerosis; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.